Table 1. Inclusion and exclusion criteria.

INCLUSION

EXCLUSION

Postpartum Female ≤3 weeks Aged 18–45 years Singleton birth Planning to engage in exclusive breastfeeding for 4 months Non-smoking during pregnancy Samoan ethnicity Fluent Samoan or English language ability Willingness and ability to complete all elements of the data collection

Currently pregnant Diagnosis of Type 1 or Type 2 diabetes History of gestational diabetes Known history of thyroid disorder HbA1c ≥ 6.5% Intent to move away from Samoa during study period A chest X-ray or computed tomography scan in the past 6 months A DXA scan in the past 6 months (prior to beginning this study) Metal or other implants in the body Too many participants in the BMI category** Too many infants of the same biological sex**

Note:

** As we are aiming for an even distribution of maternal BMI and infant biological sex in our sample for purposes of statistical power or potential confounding, these will be monitored throughout recruitment.