Table 4.

Means (Standard Deviations) and T-Test Results from Differences from Midpoint for All Measures by Cultural Context (Rural or Urban)

			Diff from Midpoint
	M(SD)	df	t	p	Cohen’s d
GES-CA
Rural	2.62(.50)	126	2.77	.001	.24
Urban	2.28(.51)	124	−4.92	< .001	.43
Gender ID EssentialismB
Gender Nonconforming Rural	.64(.39)	123	4.10	< .001	.36
Gender Conforming Rural	.94(.15)	123	25.40	< .001	2.93
Gender Nonconforming Urban	.63(.38)	122	3.67	< .001	.34
Gender Conforming Urban	.94(.16)	124	30.16	< .001	2.75
Sex Essentialism
Gender Nonconforming Rural	.93(.15)	125	33.18	< .001	2.87
Gender Conforming Rural	.96(.14)	125	36.21	< .001	3.29
Gender Nonconforming Urban	.94(.13)	124	38.89	< .001	3.38
Gender Conforming Urban	.96(.14)	124	35.91	< .001	3.14
PrejudiceA
Rural	.42(1.37)	125	3.48	.001	.31
Urban	−.22(1.26)	123	−1.92	.06	.17

Notes. Gender Conforming = gender-conforming items; Gender Nonconforming = gender-nonconforming items. The GES-C (Gender Essentialism Scale for Children) is measured on a scale of 1 to 4, with 4 representing the most essentialism. Gender Identity (ID) and Sex Essentialism are proportions. Higher proportions represent more essentialism. The Prejudice scale ranges from −5 = strong preference for gender-nonconforming children to +5 = strong preference for gender-conforming children. A denotes a significant difference between cultural contexts. B denotes significant differences between gender nonconforming and gender conforming targets in the gender identity and sex essentialism measures (these differences, when found, were present in both cultural contexts). Results from participants collapsed across location can be found in the Supplemental Materials Table S6.