Table I.
Selected clinical trials targeting TAMs in cancers.
| Treatment strategy | Target | Agent | Combination | Tumor type | Phase | Clinical trial number |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Blocking TAMs recruitment | CSF-1 | MCS110 | Carboplatin Gemcitabine | TNBC | II | NCT02435680 |
| CSF-1 | MCS110 | Dabrafenib Trametinib | Melanoma | I/II | NCT03455764 | |
| CSF-1R | IMC-CS4 | NA | Solid tumors | I | NCT01346358 | |
| CSF-1R | IMC-CS4 | Pembrolizumab Cyclophosphamide GVAX | PC | I | NCT03153410 | |
| CSF-1R | PLX3397 | Eribulin | MBC | I/II | NCT01596751 | |
| CSF-1R | PLX3397 | NA | Melanoma | II | NCT02071940 | |
| CSF-1R | BLZ945 | PDR001 | Solid tumors | I/II | NCT02829723 | |
| CSF-1R | ARRY382 | Pembrolizumab | Solid tumors | I/II | NCT02880371 | |
| CCR2/5 | BMS813160 | Nivolumab Paclitaxel | CRC/PC | I/II | NCT03184870 | |
| CCR2/5 | BMS813160 | Nivolumab | NSCLC HCC | II | NCT04123379 | |
| CXCR4 | BL8040 | G-CSF | Multiple myeloma | III | NCT03246529 | |
| CXCR4 | X4P-001 | Axitinib | RCC | I/II | NCT02667886 | |
| Depleting TAMs | NA | Zoledronate | IL-2 | Kidney cancer | II | NCT00582790 |
| Caspase 8 | Trabectedin | Olaparib | Sarcoma | II | NCT04076579 | |
| Caspase 8 | Trabectedin | NA | MPM | II | NCT02194231 | |
| Caspase 8 | Trabectedin | Durvalumab | Ovarian carcinoma | I | NCT03085225 | |
| Re-educating TAMs | TLR7/8 | NKTR-262 | Nivolumab | TNBC, MCC, Melanoma, HNSCC | I/II | NCT03435640 |
| TLR7/8 | MEDI-9197 | Durvalumab | Solid tumors | I | NCT02556463 | |
| TLR4 | GSK1795091 | Pembrolizumab | Neoplasm | I | NCT03447314 | |
| TLR9 | CMP-001 | Nivolumab | Melanoma | II | NCT03618641 | |
| CD40 | APX005M | Pembrolizumab | Melanoma | I/II | NCT02706353 | |
| CD40 | SEA-CD40 | Pembrolizumab Pemetrexed Carboplatin | NSCLC | II | NCT04993677 | |
| CD40 | RO7009789 | Paclitaxel Gemcitabine | PC | I | NCT02588443 | |
| PI3Kγ | IPI-549 | Nivolumab | Solid tumors | I | NCT02637531 | |
| PI3Kγ/δ | Duvelisib | Pembrolizumab | HNSCC | I/II | NCT04193293 | |
| Promoting | CD47 | Hu5F9-G4 | NA | Solid tumors | I | NCT02216409 |
| phagocytosis | CD47 | Hu5F9-G4 | Avelumab | Ovarian cancer | I | NCT03558139 |
| SIRPα | ALX148 | Pembrolizumab Trastuzumab | Solid tumors Lymphoma | I | NCT03013218 | |
| SIRPα | TTI-621 | Nivolumab Rituximab | Hematologic and solid tumors | I | NCT02663518 | |
| CD47/SIRPα | RRx-001 | Platinum chemotherapy | SCLC | III | NCT05566041 | |
| LILRB2 | MK-4830 | Pembrolizumab | Solid tumors | I | NCT03564691 |
TAMs, tumor-associated macrophages; NA, not available; TNBC, triple-negative breast cancer; PC, pancreatic cancer; MBC, metastatic breast cancer; CRC, colorectal cancer; NSCLC, non-small cell lung cancer; SCLC, small cell lung cancer; HCC, hepatocellular carcinoma; RCC, renal cell carcinoma; TRAIL, TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand; MPM, malignant pleural mesothelioma; TLR, toll-like receptors; MCC, Merkel cell carcinoma; HNSCC, head and neck squamous cell carcinoma; LILRB2, leukocyte immunoglobulin-like receptor B2; SIRPα, signal regulatory protein α; PI3K, phosphoinositide 3-kinase; CCR, C-C motif chemokine receptor; CXCR, C-X-C motif chemokine receptor; CSF-1, colony-stimulating factor-1.