The E1 promoter of HPV-31 binds CDP. (A) The sequence of the HPV-31 E1 promoter extending from the ATG of E7 at nt 560 through the E1 transcription initiation start site at nt 742 is shown (25). The 31E1p used in EMSAs extends from the 5′ end at nt 560 to the AccI site at nt 722. Putative CDP binding sites are double underlined; the AccI site is underlined with a dashed line. (B) EMSAs were conducted using radiolabeled HPV-31 E1p (31E1p, lanes 1 to 6) or HPV-6 E1a (6E1a, lanes 7 to 12) and either no competitor (−) or a 20- or 200-fold molar excess of unlabeled 31E1p (lanes 3, 4, 9, and 10) or 6E1a (lanes 5, 6, 11, and 12). (C) EMSAs were conducted using radiolabeled 31E1p and either antiserum to CDP (αCDP) or preimmune serum (PI). C1 and C2, retarded DNA-protein complexes; F, free probe.