Table 1.
Characteristics of the study cohort.
| Control (n = 31) | SCAD (n = 38) | UA (n = 41) | AMI (n = 22) | CAD (n = 101) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, years | 57.35 ± 8.20 | 62.53 ± 9.08 | 68.90 ± 9.78b | 60.77 ± 10.09c | 64.73 ± 10.13e |
| Female (%) | 15 (48.39%) | 13 (34.21%) | 17 (41.46%) | 5 (22.73%) | 35 (34.65%) |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 24.88 ± 2.67 | 25.27 ± 3.06 | 24.66 ± 3.62 | 26.76 ± 3.08 | 25.35 ± 3.37 |
| MAP, mmHg | 93.03 ± 10.69 | 97.35 ± 12.20 | 96.14 ± 11.77 | 91.97 ± 13.20 | 95.69 ± 12.30 |
| Smoke (%) | 10 (32.25%) | 20 (52.63%) | 16 (39.02%) | 8 (36.36%) | 44 (43.56%) |
| Drinking (%) | 5 (16.13%) | 10 (26.32%) | 10 (24.39%) | 6 (27.27%) | 26 (25.74%) |
| No. of SV | |||||
| NA | NA | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) |
| 1 | NA | 9 (26.4%) | 6 (16.2%) | 2 (12.5%) | 17 (19.5) |
| 2 | NA | 5 (14.7%) | 6 (16.2%) | 2 (12.5%) | 13 (15.0%) |
| 3 | NA | 16 (47.1%) | 20 (54.1%) | 6 (37.5%) | 42 (48.3%) |
| 4 | NA | 4 (11.8%) | 5 (13.5%) | 6 (37.5%) | 15 (17.2%) |
| Gensini score | NA | 43.00 (19.00, 81.25) | 65.50 (41.00, 103.50)b | 106.00 (84.00, 132.00)c | 70.00 (33.00, 96.00) |
| Syntax score | NA | 15.50 (6.75, 23.75) | 17.00 (11.00, 23.50) | 29.75 (12.00, 32.75) | 18.00 (10.00, 26.50) |
| Medication | |||||
| Statins | 4 (12.90%) | 20 (52.63%)a | 19 (46.34%) | 7 (31.82%) | 46 (45.54%)e |
| Antihypertensive drugs | 7 (22.58%) | 25 (65.79%)a | 32 (78.05%) | 11 (50.00%)d | 70 (69.31%)e |
| Antidiabetic treatment | 2 (6.45%) | 20 (52.63%)a | 11 (26.83%)b | 8 (36.36%) | 39 (38.61%)e |
| Laboratory data | |||||
| TC, mmol/L | 4.32 (3.94, 5.28) | 3.82 (3.30, 4.60) | 3.80 (3.28, 4.42) | 4.01 (3.76, 4.40) | 3.88 (3.39, 4.42) |
| HDL-C, mmol/L | 1.19 ± 0.34 | 1.05 ± 0.33 | 1.00 ± 0.23 | 0.97 ± 0.25 | 1.01 ± 0.27f |
| LDL-C, mmol/L | 2.90 (2.43, 3.60) | 2.07 (1.70, 2.88) | 2.39 (1.76, 2.67) | 2.66 (2.18, 2.98) | 2.39 (1.81, 2.83)f |
| TG, mmol/L | 1.34 (1.05, 1.78) | 1.18 (0.84, 1.89) | 1.20 (0.96, 1.69) | 1.49 (1.13, 1.70) | 1.24 (0.96, 1.70) |
| Lp(a), mg/dL | 13.35 (8.25, 28.00) | 14.40 (7.60, 27.25) | 21.00 (8.10, 39.60) | 13.65 (9.525, 43.43) | 15.70 (9.00, 36.10) |
| hs-CRP, mg/L | 1.13 (0.63, 1.83) | 0.76 (0.41, 1.84) | 0.98 (0.53, 3.08) | 5.42 (0.87, 22.48) | 0.83 (0.49, 3.93) |
| BUN, mmol/L | 2.80 ± 0.83 | 2.66 ± 0.60 | 2.84 ± 0.99 | 2.53 ± 0.78 | 2.70 ± 0.82 |
| Cr., umol/L | 71.50 (51.98, 79.63) | 65.90 (55.70, 77.43) | 68.00 (57.75, 80.05) | 67.15 (59.25, 81.80) | 66.70 (57.35, 79.75) |
| Uric acid, umol/L | 348.5 ± 101.4 | 332.1 ± 83.95 | 341.4 ± 108.2 | 366.8 ± 142.8 | 343.4 ± 108.4 |
| HCY, umol/L | 12.50 (8.75, 14.75) | 13.00 (11.00, 15.00) | 14.00 (11.00, 17.00) | 14.50 (13.25, 21.75) | 14.00 (11.00, 16.00) |
| cTnI, ng/ml | 0.00 (0.00, 0.00) | 0.01 (0.00, 0.01) | 0.00 (0.00, 0.01) | 1.06 (0.23, 5.59)c | 0.01 (0.00, 0.03)e |
| FBG, mmol/L | 4.34 (3.81, 4.62) | 4.77 (4.16, 6.42) | 4.69 (3.91, 5.79) | 6.37 (4.88, 7.87)d | 4.89 (4.20, 6.55)f |
| HbA1c, % | 5.70 (5.53, 5.80) | 6.65 (5.90, 7.38)a | 6.30 (5.73, 6.65) | 6.10 (5.80, 8.00) | 6.30 (5.80, 7.25)e |
| FT3, pg/mL | 3.12 ± 0.56 | 3.30 ± 0.25 | 3.06 ± 0.40 | 2.76 ± 0.66 | 3.09 ± 0.45 |
| FT4, ng/dL | 1.24 (1.11, 1.32) | 1.17 (1.03, 1.29) | 1.20 (1.07, 1.32) | 1.08 (1.03, 1.15) | 1.16 (1.05, 1.30) |
| sTSH, uIU/mL | 2.21 (1.40, 2.54) | 2.14 (1.47, 3.59) | 1.82 (1.25, 2.41) | 2.70 (1.96, 5.98) | 2.16 (1.38, 3.01) |
Data following a normal distribution are presented as mean ± standard deviation; data not following a normal distribution are presented as median (IQR). Gender, Smoke, Drinking, No. of SV, Statins, Antihypertensive drugs and Antidiabetic treatment are shown as percentage (%). The analysis of normally distributed variables among the four groups was conducted using one-way ANOVA. Post hoc multiple comparisons of one-way ANOVA were performed using either the Games–Howell test or the Tukey–Kramer test. The Kruskal–Wallis H test was employed for data that did not follow a normal distribution. The χ 2 test was utilized to compare categorical variables. N/A indicates not applicable.
BMI, body mass index; MAP, mean arterial blood pressure. No. of SV, number of stenosed vessels; TC, total cholesterol; HDL-C, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL-C, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; TG, triglyceride; Lp(a), Lipoprotein(a); hs-CRP, hypersensitive C-reactive protein; BUN, blood urea nitrogen; Cr., creatinine; HCY, homocysteine; cTnI, cardiac troponin I; FBG, fasting blood glucose; HbA1c, glycated haemoglobin; FT3, free triiodothyronine; FT4, free thyroxine; sTSH, serum thyroid-stimulating hormone.
P < 0.01 between CG and SCAD.
P < 0.05 between SCAD and UA.
P < 0.01 between UA and AMI.
P < 0.05 between UA and AMI.
P < 0.01 between CG and CAD.
P < 0.05 between CG and CAD.