Table 3.
Ocular findings for familial hypercholesterolemia patients stratified according to LDL levels with multivariate logistic regression.
| Patients LDL <400 mg/dL (n = 15) | Patients LDL ≥400 mg/dL (n = 13) | p-value | Odds Ratio: LDL <400 mg/dL vs. LDL ≥400 mg/dL (95 % CI) | Adjusted Odds Ratio: LDL <400 mg/dL vs. LDL ≥400 mg/dL (95 % CI) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Corneal arcus | 7 | (47) | 11 | (85) | 0.055 | 6.3 | (1.0–38.6) | 10.4 | (0.4–61.2) |
| Lipid deposits or xanthelasmas | 3 | (20) | 6 | (46) | 0.23 | 1.2 | (0.2–7.3) | 1.1 | (0.1–9.1) |
| Excision of xanthomas | 2 | (13) | 6 | (46) | 0.10 | 5.6 | (0.9–35.3) | 11.7 | (1.0–140.8) |
| TBUT ≤10 s | 6 | (40) | 6 | (46) | 1.0 | 1.3 | (0.3–5.8) | 0.5 | (0.1–2.9) |
| Occluded arteries | 1 | (7) | 0 | (0) | 0.34 | ||||
| Retinal arterial plaque | 0 | (0) | 2 | (15) | 0.12 | ||||
| Retinal venous plaque | 2 | (13) | 0 | (0) | 0.17 | ||||
| Retinal arteriosclerosis | 10 | (67) | 8 | (62) | 1.0 | 0.8 | (0.2–3.8) | 0.93 | (0.18–4.8) |
| Grade 1 | 7 | 5 | 0.9 | ||||||
| Grade 2 | 3 | 3 | |||||||
CI = confidence interval.
LDL = low-density lipoprotein.
TBUT = tear break-up time.
Data are in n (%) unless otherwise indicated.