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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2024 May 12.
Published in final edited form as: Nat Biomed Eng. 2023 Nov 27;8(4):479–494. doi: 10.1038/s41551-023-01134-x

Fig. 2 |. Tachypacing downregulates OXPHOS, TCA cycle and fatty acid oxidation in dogs.

Fig. 2 |

a, Microarray analysis (GSE9794) of LV tissue from dogs with or without tachypacing-induced HF. Genes downregulated in tachypacing-induced HF were subjected to pathway enrichment analysis. b, Expression of OXPHOS genes NDUFAB1, NDUFB3, NDUFV2 and NDUFA2. c, Expression of TCA cycle genes PDHB, SDHB, SUCLA2 and ACO2. d, Expression of fatty acid oxidation genes ACSL1, HADHA, HADHB and ECHS1. In b–d, the expression levels are shown as signal intensity. n = 3 dogs for each group. One-way ANOVA with Tukey’s multiple comparisons test. e, Western blot analysis of ACSL1 and OXPHOS proteins including NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase subunit B8 (NDUFB8), SDHB, mitochondrially encoded cytochrome c oxidase II (MTCO2) and ATP synthase F1 subunit alpha (ATP5A) in dogs with or without tachypacing-induced HF. Expression levels were normalized against the NF dogs. n = 3 NF dogs and 4 HF dogs, respectively. Unpaired Student’s t-test. Data are displayed as mean ± s.e.m.