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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2024 May 12.
Published in final edited form as: Nat Biomed Eng. 2023 Nov 27;8(4):397–414. doi: 10.1038/s41551-023-01142-x

Fig. 4: Viral glycoprotein display on EVs mediates uptake by recipient T cells.

Fig. 4:

a, Illustration of viral glycoproteins facilitating EV uptake and fusion at either the plasma membrane or in the endosome. b, Uptake of dTomato-labeled VSV-G EVs by Jurkat T cells. c, Uptake of dTomato-labeled VSV-G EVs by primary human CD4+ T cells. d, Surface expression of SLAM on T cells. Unmodified Jurkats, Jurkats expressing transgenic SLAM, or primary human CD4+ T cells were evaluated for SLAM surface expression by flow cytometry. e, Uptake of dTomato-labeled measles viral glycoproteins H/F EVs by Jurkats (+/− SLAM). f, Uptake of dTomato-labeled measles virus glycoproteins H/F EVs by primary human CD4+ T cells. In all cases, EVs were incubated with cells for 16 h and trypsinized to remove surface-bound vesicles. Experiments were performed in biological triplicate, and error bars indicate standard error of the mean. Statistical tests comprise two-tailed Student’s t tests using the Benjamini-Hochberg method to reduce the false discovery rate. (*p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001). Exact p-values are shown in Supplementary Table 1. EV dTomato loading evaluations are in Supplementary Fig. 12.