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. 2024 May 11;15:3996. doi: 10.1038/s41467-024-48484-x

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© The Author(s) 2024

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 5 — a–c Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in cortex of Spi1^+/−;APP/PS1 versus Spi1^+/+;APP/PS1 mice identified by NanoString analysis and their pathway enrichment analyses. a Volcano plot showing DEGs in Spi1^+/−;APP/PS1 mice compared to Spi1^+/+;APP/PS1 mice (n = 3 males per genotype). The red dots represent significantly upregulated genes, and blue dots represent significantly downregulated genes in Spi1^+/−;APP/PS1 versus Spi1^+/+;APP/PS1 mice (p < 0.05, indicated as a horizontal dash line; fold change > ±1.3, indicated as a vertical dash line). The volcano plot shows statistical significance as the -log₁₀ P-value (y-axis) and the log₂ Fold Change (log₂FC, x-axis). Pathway enrichment analysis with the functional annotation of DEGs was performed using EnrichR (b) and MetaCore (c) software. d, qPCR analysis of several DEGs in cortex between Spi1^+/−;APP/PS1 mice and Spi1^+/+;APP/PS1 mice. All values are mean ± SEM. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, and ***p < 0.001 (unpaired, two-tailed t-test; WT, n = 8 (n = 4 males, n = 4 females) for Spi1^+/+;APP/PS1; KD, n = 8 (n = 4 males, n = 4 females) for Spi1^+/−;APP/PS1). e–h DEGs in cortex of Spi1^Tg/0;5XFAD versus Spi1^+/+; 5XFAD mice identified by NanoString analysis and pathway enrichment analyses. e Volcano plot showing DEGs in Spi1^Tg/0;5XFAD versus Spi1^+/+;5XFAD mice (n = 3 females per genotype). The volcano plot shows statistical significance as the -log₁₀ P-value (y-axis) and the log₂FC (x-axis). The red and blue dots represent significantly upregulated and downregulated genes, respectively, in Spi1^Tg/0;5XFAD versus Spi1^+/+;5XFAD mice (p < 0.05, indicated as a horizontal dash line; fold change > ±1.3, indicated as a vertical dash line). Pathway enrichment analysis of DEGs identified using EnrichR (f) and MetaCore (g) software. h qPCR analysis of several DEGs in cortex between females Spi1^Tg/0;5XFAD mice and Spi1^+/+;5XFAD mice. All values are mean ± SEM. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, and ****p < 0.0001 (unpaired, two-tailed t-test; WT, n = 8 for Spi1^+/+;5XFAD; TG, n = 8 for Spi1^Tg/0;5XFAD). P-values of b and f were calculated using two-tailed Fisher’s exact test, while those for c and g were determined using Metacore algorithms, both with a threshold of significant enrichment as p < 0.05 (shown as a vertical dash line for b, c, f, and g). Source data are provided as a Source data file.