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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2024 May 12.
Published in final edited form as: Psychopharmacology (Berl). 2023 May 2;240(6):1373–1386. doi: 10.1007/s00213-023-06376-w

Fig. 1.

Fig. 1

Experimental Timeline. (A) Experiment 1: Rats self-administered nicotine in 2-hour sessions for 19–22 days. Nicotine-taking behavior was then extinguished by replacing the nicotine solution with a saline solution. Reinstatement of nicotine-seeking behavior was then assessed. Rats were pretreated daily with vehicle or liraglutide prior to their last nicotine self-administration session and subsequent extinction and reinstatement sessions. (B) Experiment 2: Rats self-administered nicotine or received yoked saline injections for 22 days during two daily 2-h operant sessions. Rats were pretreated with vehicle or liraglutide prior to the last nicotine self-administration session. Treatments continued daily throughout the subsequent withdrawal period. Rats experienced 10 consecutive days of withdrawal in their home cages.