Table 1.

Death Counts and Rates Associated With Hepatitis C Virus Infection

Jurisdiction	2016		2017					2016–2017
	Count	Rate (95% CI)a	Count	Rate (95% CI)a	DRR (95% CI)b	P-Valuec	Mean Age at Death	% Change in Rate	P Valued
United States	18 093	4.42 (4.36–4.49)	17 253	4.13 (4.07–4.20)	Reference		61.4	−6.56	.00
Region 1: Boston	616	3.10 (2.85–3.35)	602	2.97 (2.72–3.21)	.72 (.66–.78)	.00	60.8	−4.19	.47
Connecticut	123	2.52 (2.06–2.97)	130	2.61 (2.15–3.07)	.63 (.52–.74)	.00	61.1	3.57	.79
Maine	40	1.87 (1.32–2.56)	32	1.60 (1.07–2.29)	.39 (.25–.53)	.00	61.4	−14.44	.52
Massachusetts	261	2.98 (2.61–3.35)	267	3.00 (2.63–3.37)	.73 (.64–.82)	.00	61.0	.67	.94
New Hampshire	68	3.57 (2.73–4.58)	57	2.90 (2.16–3.80)	.70 (.52–.88)	.00	60.2	−18.77	.27
Rhode Island	89	6.57 (5.24–8.15)	76	5.15 (4.02–6.50)	1.25 (.97–1.53)	.08	59.2	−21.61	.13
Vermont	35	3.72 (2.56–5.22)	40	4.44 (3.11–6.15)	1.07 (.74–1.40)	.68	59.7	19.35	.47
Region 2: New York	1167	3.12 (2.94–3.30)	1043	2.76 (2.59–2.93)	.67 (.63–.71)	.00	63.6	−11.54	.00
New Jersey	378	3.24 (2.90–3.57)	342	2.90 (2.58–3.21)	.70 (.63–.77)	.00	62.0	−10.49	.14
New York	789	3.06 (2.84–3.27)	701	2.71 (2.50–2.91)	.66 (.61–.71)	.00	63.6	−11.44	.02
Region 3: Philadelphia	1478	3.68 (3.48–3.87)	1441	3.53 (3.35–3.72)	.86 (.81–.91)	.00	61.0	−4.08	.27
Delaware	47	3.63 (2.65–4.85)	49	3.80 (2.77–5.08)	.92 (.66–1.18)	.54	61.3	4.68	.83
District of Columbia	95	13.37 (10.78–16.40)	83	11.42 (9.09–14.18)	2.77 (2.17–3.37)	.00	64.1	−14.58	.30
Maryland	327	4.32 (3.84–4.80)	340	4.41 (3.93–4.89)	1.07 (.96–1.18)	.23	60.8	2.08	.79
Pennsylvania	564	3.28 (3.00–3.56)	563	3.15 (2.88–3.42)	.76 (.70–.82)	.00	61.0	−3.96	.51
Virginia	327	3.03 (2.70–3.36)	290	2.68 (2.36–2.99)	.65 (.57–.73)	.00	59.6	−11.55	.14
West Virginia	118	4.85 (3.93–5.76)	116	4.94 (4.00–5.88)	1.20 (.98–1.42)	.07	56.6	1.86	.89
Region 4: Atlanta	3500	4.18 (4.03–4.32)	3450	4.03 (3.89–4.16)	.97 (.93–1.01)	.10	60.2	−3.59	.14
Alabama	166	2.63 (2.22–3.05)	188	2.97 (2.53–3.41)	.72 (.62–.82)	.00	60.9	12.93	.27
Florida	1222	4.26 (4.01–4.50)	1222	4.16 (3.92–4.40)	1.01 (.95–1.07)	.74	61.7	−2.35	.57
Georgia	368	2.98 (2.67–3.29)	344	2.66 (2.37–2.94)	.64 (.57–.71)	.00	61.0	−10.74	.14
Kentucky	269	5.05 (4.42–5.67)	306	5.58 (4.94–6.23)	1.35 (1.20–1.50)	.00	57.4	10.50	.25
Mississippi	183	5.08 (4.33–5.84)	159	4.38 (3.68–5.08)	1.06 (.89–1.23)	.48	59.0	−13.78	.18
North Carolina	511	3.92 (3.57–4.26)	460	3.44 (3.12–3.76)	.83 (.75–.91)	.00	59.6	−12.24	.05
South Carolina	299	4.51 (3.98–5.03)	302	4.51 (3.98–5.03)	1.09 (.97–1.21)	.15	60.3	.00	1.00
Tennessee	482	5.89 (5.35–6.43)	469	5.57 (5.05–6.09)	1.35 (1.23–1.47)	.00	58.5	−5.43	.40
Region 5: Chicago	2064	3.01 (2.88–3.15)	1846	2.63 (2.51–2.75)	.64 (.61–.67)	.00	61.5	−12.62	.00
Illinois	354	2.18 (1.95–2.41)	288	1.72 (1.52–1.92)	.42 (.37–.47)	.00	62.7	−21.10	.00
Indiana	295	3.60 (3.18–4.02)	269	3.16 (2.77–3.55)	.77 (.68–.86)	.00	60.1	−12.22	.13
Michigan	415	3.06 (2.75–3.36)	368	2.61 (2.34–2.88)	.63 (.56–.70)	.00	62.1	−14.71	.03
Minnesota	240	3.28 (2.86–3.71)	235	3.19 (2.78–3.61)	.77 (.67–.87)	.00	61.3	−2.74	.77
Ohio	546	3.58 (3.27–3.89)	541	3.48 (3.17–3.78)	.84 (.77–.91)	.00	59.7	−2.79	.65
Wisconsin	214	2.70 (2.33–3.07)	145	1.82 (1.52–2.12)	.44 (.37–.51)	.00	61.1	−32.59	.00
Region 6: Dallas	3194	6.69 (6.45–6.92)	3169	6.54 (6.31–6.77)	1.58 (1.52–1.64)	.00	60.6	−2.24	.37
Arkansas	184	4.91 (4.18–5.64)	169	4.43 (3.74–5.11)	1.07 (.91–1.23)	.40	59.9	−9.78	.35
Louisiana	383	6.60 (5.92–7.28)	382	6.49 (5.82–7.16)	1.57 (1.41–1.73)	.00	60.5	−1.67	.82
New Mexico	203	8.12 (6.96–9.28)	175	6.70 (5.66–7.73)	1.62 (1.38–1.86)	.00	59.1	−17.49	.07
Oklahoma	538	11.46 (10.47–12.46)	555	11.84 (10.82–12.85)	2.87 (2.63–3.11)	.00	59.4	3.32	.60
Texas	1886	6.12 (5.84–6.40)	1888	6.03 (5.76–6.31)	1.46 (1.39–1.53)	.00	60.6	−1.47	.65
Region 7: Kansas City	593	3.31 (3.04–3.59)	589	3.24 (2.97–3.51)	.78 (.72–.84)	.00	60.5	−2.11	.72
Iowa	109	2.67 (2.16–3.19)	122	3.01 (2.46–3.56)	.73 (.60–.86)	.00	59.9	12.73	.38
Kansas	148	4.20 (3.51–4.90)	141	3.83 (3.18–4.48)	.93 (.78–1.08)	.37	59.3	−8.81	.45
Missouri	258	3.23 (2.82–3.63)	247	3.06 (2.67–3.45)	.74 (.65–.83)	.00	60.5	−5.26	.55
Nebraska	78	3.25 (2.56–4.08)	79	3.29 (2.59–4.13)	.80 (.62–.98)	.03	60.9	1.23	.94
Region 8: Denver	640	4.69 (4.32–5.06)	615	4.38 (4.02–4.73)	1.06 (.97–1.15)	.17	61.2	−6.61	.24
Colorado	385	5.74 (5.16–6.33)	386	5.62 (5.05–6.20)	1.36 (1.22–1.50)	.00	61.4	−2.09	.77
Montana	75	5.71 (4.43–7.25)	68	4.89 (3.73–6.29)	1.18 (.90–1.46)	.21	58.7	−14.36	.38
North Dakota	20	2.25 (1.36–3.52)	23	2.88 (1.78–4.40)	.70 (.41–.99)	.04	60.3	28.00	.44
South Dakota	37	3.46 (2.41–4.81)	29	2.56 (1.69–3.73)	.62 (.39–.85)	.00	60.1	−26.01	.24
Utah	85	2.98 (2.37–3.70)	68	2.29 (1.77–2.92)	.56 (.43–.69)	.00	60.7	−23.15	.11
Wyoming	38	4.89 (3.43–6.77)	41	5.50 (3.89–7.55)	1.33 (.92–1.74)	.11	59.4	12.47	.62
Region 9: San Francisco	3668	6.08 (5.88–6.28)	3330	5.37 (5.19–5.56)	1.30 (1.25–1.35)	.00	62.9	−11.68	.00
Arizona	500	5.81 (5.29–6.33)	480	5.45 (4.95–5.95)	1.32 (1.20–1.44)	.00	61.1	−6.20	.33
California	2917	6.33 (6.09–6.56)	2630	5.58 (5.36–5.80)	1.35 (1.29–1.41)	.00	62.8	−11.85	.00
Hawaii	70	3.75 (2.90–4.77)	67	3.48 (2.68–4.44)	.84 (.64–1.04)	.12	63.7	−7.20	.67
Nevada	181	4.97 (4.23–5.70)	153	4.00 (3.35–4.64)	.97 (.82–1.12)	.70	62.1	−19.52	.05
Region 10: Seattle	1173	6.56 (6.17–6.94)	1168	6.38 (6.01–6.76)	1.55 (1.46–1.64)	.00	62.0	−2.74	.51
Alaska	50	5.38 (3.95–7.15)	38	4.38 (3.05–6.09)	1.06 (.72–1.40)	.73	60.6	−18.59	.35
Idaho	115	5.40 (4.39–6.41)	84	3.82 (3.03–4.75)	.92 (.72–1.12)	.43	61.5	−29.26	.02
Oregon	491	8.90 (8.09–9.70)	518	9.24 (8.42–10.05)	2.24 (2.04–2.44)	.00	61.6	3.82	.56
Washington	517	5.53 (5.04–6.01)	528	5.46 (4.99–5.94)	1.32 (1.21–1.43)	.00	61.9	−1.27	.84

Data are shown by residence in the US states and the District of Columbia, sectioned by DHHS regions, 2016–2017. The region of a decedent’s residence was categorized according to the grouping of states assigned under each of the 10 DHHS regional offices that serve state and local organizations. Data Source: 2016 and 2017 US multiple cause-of-death data, National Vital Statistics System.

Abbreviations: CI, confidence interval; DHHS, US Department of Health and Human Services; DRR, death rate ratio; HCV, hepatitis C virus.

^aDeath rates are per 100 000 population and adjusted to the age distribution of the 2000 US standard population.

^bDRRs were calculated to compare age-adjusted, HCV-associated death rates in DHHS regions and jurisdictions with the age-adjusted, HCV-associated death rate in US residents, denoted by $\text{DRR}=({\text{Rate}}_{\text{Region}}\text{or}{\text{Rate}}_{\text{Jurisdiction}})/{\text{Rate}}_{\text{US}}$.

^cTest to determine whether differences in age-adjusted, HCV-associated death rates in DHHS regions and jurisdictions were statistically significantly different from the age-adjusted, HCV-associated death rates among US residents, where a Z-score P value that was less than .05 was considered statistically significant.

^dTest to determine whether differences in age-adjusted, HCV-associated death rates in 2017 were statistically significantly different from the age-adjusted, HCV-associated death rates in 2016, where a Z-score P value that was less than .05 was considered statistically significant.