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. 2024 May 13;24:355. doi: 10.1186/s12888-024-05805-0

Table 1.

Demographic and clinical characteristics of study participants

Schizophrenia (N=59) Control (N=36) Statistics t/z/χ 2 P Value
Gender, M/F 17/42 16/20 2.410 0.121
Age (yrs) 38.07±10.57 38.03±9.66 0.018 0.985
Education (yrs) 12.42±3.45 13.22±3.64 -1.220 0.222
Marital status, Single/Married 43/16 8/28 23.08 <0.001
Smoking, Y/N 8/51 5/31 0.002 0.964
BMI (kg/m2) 21.66±3.89 24.42±3.62 -3.443 0.001
Illness duration (mos) 53.61±63.41 NA NA NA
PANSS
 P subscore 25.76±4.83 NA NA NA
 N subscore 20.76±7.17 NA NA NA
 G subscore 42.54±7.38 NA NA NA
 Total score 89.07±14.32 NA NA NA
PSQI
 Subjective sleep quality 1.27±0.94 0.67±0.79 -3.112 0.002
 Sleep latency 1.32±1.11 0.72±0.91 -2.656 0.008
 Sleep duration 0.83±1.02 0.78±0.83 -0.059 0.953
 Sleep efficiency 0.81±1.09 0.31±0.58 -2.209 0.027
 Sleep disturbances 0.81±0.51 0.67±0.48 -1.319 0.187
 Sleep medication use 1.48±1.49 0.17±0.61 -4.408 <0.001
 Daytime dysfunction 1.37±1.19 0.86±0.90 -1.975 0.048
Total score 7.78±4.39 4.14±3.60 -4.139 <0.001
FPG (mmol/L) 4.89±1.09 5.06±0.33 -2.440 0.015
TC (mmol/L) 4.57±1.05 4.93±0.79 -1.780 0.078
TG (mmol/L) 1.15±0.72 1.29±1.05 -0.307 0.759
HDL-C (mmol/L) 1.42±0.39 1.40±0.33 -0.008 0.994
LDL-C (mmol/L) 2.66±0.78 2.82±0.78 -1.004 0.318

NA Not applicable, PANSS Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale, P subscore Positive symptom subscore, N subscore Negative symptom subscore, G subscore General psychopathology subscore, PSQI Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, BMI Body mass index, FPG Fasting plasma glucose, TC Total Cholesterol, TG Triglyceride, HDL-C High-density lipoprotein cholesterol, LDL-C Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol