Extended Data Fig. 5. IFN signalling suppresses GSC maintenance.

a, IB analysis of GSC23 after GCDH KD at the indicated time.

b, ELISA quantification of IFNα and IFNβ in culture supernatants from GSCs with or without GCDH KD. nd, not detected.

c, d, IB analysis of GSC23 treated with IFNβ (5 ng/ml, c) or culture supernatants from GSC23 with or without GCDH KD (d) for indicated time. IFNβ was added every 2 days for the duration of experiments. The supernatants with or without IFNAR blocking antibody were replaced every 2 days.

e, IF staining for IFNα, Kcr, Kac, Kglu and GCDH in indicated sections from GSC23-derived intracranial tumours (n = 3 biologically independent mice). Scale bar, 20 μm.

f, RT-qPCR analysis of human ISGs in GSC23-derived intracranial tumour tissues (n = 4 biologically independent mice).

g, The gating strategy of GSCs in flow cytometric analysis.

h, i, Flow cytometry plots (h) and quantification (i, n = 4 biologically independent mice) of SOX2⁺ CD133⁺ GSCs in CD147⁺ human tumour cells as indicated.

Representative of two independent experiments in a, c and d. Data are presented from three independent experiments in b. In b, f and i, data are presented as mean ± SEM. One-way ANOVA followed by multiple comparisons with adjusted p values for f and i.