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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2024 May 13.
Published in final edited form as: Front Astron Space Sci. 2023 May 5;10:1117811. doi: 10.3389/fspas.2023.1117811

FIGURE 13.

FIGURE 13

Efficacy of cNLPs as a candidate GI MCM for SEP/GCR radiation. Representative sections of duodenum collected 4 h post-irradiation following 100 cGy of cesium-137 γ-rays, 100 cGy of 50 MeV protons, or 50 cGy of 1 GeV/n Fe-56 ions and sham controls collected at 24 h time point stained with a γ-H2AX pS139-specific antibody (green) to detect DSB-associated nuclear foci. Left column shows samples from mice that did not receive cNLPs; right columns are samples from mice that received cNLPs (×40 magnification; 20-μm scale bar). The panel at the bottom of the figure shows a higher magnification (×100) of an area from the duodenum of a Fe-56 ion-exposed mouse collected at 4 h post-IR, with individual γ-H2AX (green) and DAPI (blue) channels shown, confirming they are DNA fragments.