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. 2023 Nov 11;37(4):294–306. doi: 10.1177/08919887231215044

Table 2.

Baseline QoL Outcomes by the Type Of Relationship.

Variables Count (Percentage) Total (n = 1230) Type of Relationship
By Spouse/Partner By Adult Child By “Other” By Multiples
296 (24.1) 352 (28.6) 114 (9.3) 468 (38.0)
Pain
 Reporting pain 854 (69.4) 212 (71.6) 248 (70.7) 74 (64.9) 320 (68.8)
chi2 (3) = 2.0754, P = .557
PHQ4
 Symptomized (PHQ4>2, ≤12) 553 (45.0) 117 (40.6) 159 (46.4) 59 (52.7) 221 (484.1)
chi2 (3) = 6.1942, P = .103
General health
 Excellent 47 (3.8) 12 (4.1) 19 (5.4) 2 (1.8) 14 (3.0)
 Very good 166 (13.5) 46 (15.5) 41 (11.7) 12 (10.5) 67 (14.3)
 Good 412 (33.5) 99 (33.4) 117 (33.3) 35 (30.7) 161 (34.4)
 Fair 429 (34.9) 99 (33.4) 123 (35.0) 46 (40.4) 161 (34.4)
 Poor 175 (14.2) 40 (13.5) 51 (14.5) 19 (16.7) 65 (13.9)
chi2 with ties (3) = 4.154, P = .2453
Functional limitations
 Not receiving help with ADL 481 (39.1) 103 (35.2) 138 (40.4) 56 (51.4) 184 (39.9)
 Receiving help with 1 ADL 315 (25.6) 111 (37.9) 67 (19.6) 21 (19.3) 116 (25.2)
 Receiving help with 2 ADLs 135 (11.0) 38 (13.0) 35 (10.2) 12 (11.0) 50 (10.8)
 Receiving help with 3 ADLs 72 (5.9) 13 (4.4) 25 (7.3) 2 (1.8) 32 (6.9)
 Receiving help with 4 ADLs 73 (5.9) 9 (3.1) 29 (8.5) 6 (5.5) 29 (6.3)
 Receiving help with 5 ADLs 54 (4.4) 9 (3.1) 23 (6.7) 4 (3.7) 18 (3.9)
 Receiving help with 6 ADLs 75 (6.1) 10 (3.4) 25 (7.3) 8 (7.3) 32 (6.9)
chi2 with ties (3) = 6.362, P = .0953

yrs years; unmarried single/widowed/separated/divorced; PHQ4 Patient Health Questionnaire for Depression and Anxiety; ADL activity of daily living.