Table 3.

Results from GEE Models of Care-Recipient Relationship Type Prediction On QoL Outcomes Over 4 years (2015-2019).

	Model Without Adjustment for Socio-Demographics & Dementia Status				Model 1				Model 2
	OR	P	95% CI		OR	P	95% CI		OR	P	95% CI
PHQ4
By adult child	1.18	.19	.92	1.52	.95	.77	.66	1.37	.93	.69	.64	1.34
By “others"	1.02	.93	.71	1.46	.82	.39	.53	1.28	.81	.34	.52	1.26
By multiples	1.15	.25	.91	1.47	.98	.92	.72	1.35	.99	.94	.72	1.36
Pain
By adult child	1.07	.62	.82	1.41	.91	.62	.62	1.33	.92	.68	0.63	1.35
By “others”	1.09	.68	.73	1.61	.82	.41	.50	1.32	.83	.45	.52	1.34
By multiples	1.01	.95	.78	1.30	.90	.55	.65	1.26	.90	.53	.65	1.25
	IRR	P	95% CI		IRR	P	95% CI		IRR	P	95% CI
General health
By adult child	1.03	.41	.96	1.09	1.05	0.20	.97	1.14	1.05	.20	.97	1.14
By “others"	1.05	.26	.97	1.14	1.03	.50	.94	1.14	1.03	.50	.94	1.14
By multiples	1.01	.82	.95	1.07	1.02	.60	.95	1.09	1.02	.60	.95	1.09
Functional limitations
By adult child	1.58	< .01	1.35	1.85	1.59	<.01	1.30	1.95	1.53	<.01	1.26	1.86
By “others”	1.10	.48	.85	1.43	1.25	.12	.95	1.64	1.21	.16	0.93	1.57
By multiples	1.40	<.01	1.21	1.63	1.36	<.01	1.14	1.63	1.36	<.01	1.14	1.61

P-values in bold indicate significant < 0.05. All models using “care by a spouse/partner” as a reference group.

Model 1 Generalized estimating equation (GEE) model with a logit link function for PHQ4 and pain, a log link function for general health and functional limitations, and adjusted for.

socio-demographic characteristics including age, gender, race, income, education, marital status and living arrangements; Model 2 additionally controlled for dementia status. Both models use group receiving care from a spouse/partner as the reference category; OR odds ratios; IRR incident rate ratio; 95% CI 95% confidence intervals.