Crystallite size and strain values of GDC-00, -10, -20, and -30 ceramics^a.

System	Method	Scherrer	Monshi	W–H (UDM)	SSP	H–W
GDC-00	D (nm)	69.7096	73.2469	72.6126	70.7602	78.7724
	ε (×10−3)	0.0394	—	−0.0170	−0.1641	−1.0646
GDC-10	D (nm)	11.6418	63.9861	60.5633	64.8084	71.9114
	ε (×10−3)	0.0075	—	−0.1734	−0.1809	−1.1738
GDC-20	D (nm)	—	81.8293	294.8843	185.3047	205.8943
	ε (×10−3)	0.6150	—	2.5	1.4885	9.6591
GDC-30	D (nm)	102.5623	29.6531	24.0781	28.5370	31.7365
	ε (×10−3)	0.2352	—	−1.51	−0.8737	−5.6698

^aCompressive stress, denoted by a negative ε value for GDC, results from the assertion of equal and opposing pressures, which in turn causes the crystalline structure to shrink.^32,33