TABLE 3.
Difference test results of real-time emotional indicators in the control group and the experimental group.
| Pre-exercise | In-exercise | Post-exercise | Control group | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| M±SD | Multi-factor ANOVA | M±SD | Multi-factor ANOVA | M±SD | Multi-factor ANOVA | M±SD | Multi-factor ANOVA | |
| Positive Affects | ||||||||
| Pre-test | 6.87 ± 2.52 | F = 2.672 | 6.73 ± 1.98 | F = 5.516 | 7.53 ± 2.87 | F = 0.220 | 7.20 ± 2.91 | F = 5.053 |
| Mid-test | 5.97 ± 1.33 | p = 0.075 | 5.93 ± 1.20*# | p = 0.006 | 7.30 ± 2.35 | p = 0.803 | 6.80 ± 2.04# | p = 0.008 |
| Post-test | 5.83 ± 1.60* | ɳp 2 = 0.058 | 5.50 ± 1.01*** | ɳp 2 = 0.113 | 7.10 ± 2.34 | ɳp 2 = 0.005 | 5.53 ± 0.90** | ɳp 2 = 0.104 |
| Negative Affects | ||||||||
| Pre-test | 12.93 ± 4.09 | F = 0.791 | 12.97 ± 2.92 | F = 5.135 | 14.03 ± 3.07 | F = 0.660 | 13.27 ± 3.29 | F = 2.720 |
| Mid-test | 14.30 ± 4.19* | p = 0.457 | 16.10 ± 4.29**# | p = 0.008 | 15.00 ± 4.03 | p = 0.519 | 15.40 ± 4.44** | p = 0.071 |
| Post-test | 13.63 ± 4.34 | ɳp 2 = 0.018 | 14.90 ± 4.11** | ɳp 2 = 0.106 | 15.03 ± 4.29 | ɳp 2 = 0.015 | 14.97 ± 3.40** | ɳp 2 = 0.059 |
Note: The above models are designed as follows: intercept + gender + age + education level. (*) indicates a significant difference between the mid-test and post-test, respectively, and the pre-test, were *: p < 0.05; **: p < 0.01; ***: p < 0.001. (#) indicates a significant difference between the mid-test and post-test, where #: p < 0.05.