TABLE 5.
Effect of music intervention at different periods on differences in changes in blood pressure indicators.
| Pre-exercise | In-exercise | Post-exercise | Control group | Comparison between groups | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| SBP [mmHg] | |||||
| Pre-test | 113.33 ± 9.59 | 111.17 ± 9.38 | 108.13 ± 11.10 | 112.37 ± 11.03 | F = 2.379 |
| Mid-test | 113.03 ± 10.22 | 107.20 ± 10.43 | 110.00 ± 10.26 | 109.83 ± 11.39 | p = 0.030** |
| Post-test | 106.50 ± 11.06 | 104.90 ± 9.41 | 105.10 ± 10.61 | 105.67 ± 10.98 | ɳp 2 = 0.058 |
| Comparison within groups | F = 4.078 | F = 3.170 | F = 1.615 | F = 1.405 | |
| p = 0.20 | p = 0.047 | p = 0.205 | p = 0.251 | ||
| ɳp 2 = 0.086 | ɳp 2 = 0.068 | ɳp 2 = 0.036 | ɳp 2 = 0.031 | ||
| DBP [mmHg] | |||||
| Pre-test | 69.23 ± 9.79 | 70.00 ± 8.79 | 69.40 ± 7.75 | 69.63 ± 8.09 | F = 1.729 |
| Mid-test | 68.60 ± 7.11 | 65.50 ± 8.4 | 69.17 ± 8.95 | 69.03 ± 10.18 | p = 0.115 |
| Post-test | 65.53 ± 7.44 | 66.60 ± 8.77 | 67.33 ± 8.04 | 66.60 ± 7.36 | ɳp 2 = 0.043 |
| Comparison within groups | F = 1.748 | F = 2.202 | F = 0.563 | F = 1.041 | |
| p = 0.180 | p = 0.117 | p = 0.572 | p = 0.358 | ||
| ɳp 2 = 0.039 | ɳp 2 = 0.048 | ɳp 2 = 0.013 | ɳp 2 = 0.023 | ||
Note: Gender, age, and education level were adjusted for the above models based on repeated measures ANOVA, test.