TABLE 6.
Effect of music interventions at different periods on differences in changes in real-time effects indicators.
| Pre-exercise | In-exercise | Post-exercise | Control group | Comparison between groups | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Positive Affects | |||||
| Pre-test | 6.87 ± 2.52 | 6.73 ± 1.98 | 7.53 ± 2.87 | 7.20 ± 2.91 | F = 1.599 |
| Mid-test | 5.97 ± 1.33 | 5.93 ± 1.20 | 7.30 ± 2.35 | 6.80 ± 2.04 | p = 0.148 |
| Post-test | 5.83 ± 1.60 | 5.50 ± 1.01 | 7.10 ± 2.34 | 5.53 ± 0.90 | ɳp 2 = 0.040 |
| Comparison within groups | F = 2.672 | F = 5.516 | F = 0.220 | F = 5.053 | |
| p = 0.075 | p = 0.006 | p = 0.803 | p = 0.008 | ||
| ɳp 2 = 0.058 | ɳp 2 = 0.113 | ɳp 2 = 0.005 | ɳp 2 = 0.104 | ||
| Negative Affects | |||||
| Pre-test | 12.93 ± 4.09 | 12.97 ± 2.92 | 14.03 ± 3.07 | 13.27 ± 3.29 | F = 2.451 |
| Mid-test | 14.30 ± 4.19 | 16.10 ± 4.29 | 15.00 ± 4.03 | 15.40 ± 4.44 | p = 0.043** |
| Post-test | 13.63 ± 4.34 | 14.90 ± 4.11 | 15.03 ± 4.29 | 14.97 ± 3.40 | ɳp 2 = 0.091 |
| Comparison within groups | F = 0.791 | F = 5.135 | F = 0.660 | F = 2.720 | |
| p = 0.457 | p = 0.008 | p = 0.519 | p = 0.071 | ||
| ɳp 2 = 0.018 | ɳp 2 = 0.106 | ɳp 2 = 0.015 | ɳp 2 = 0.059 | ||
Note: Gender, age, and education level were adjusted for the above models based on repeated measures ANOVA, test.