Table 1.
The study procedure
| Parameters | Mean (SE) |
p | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| PRWP (n = 30) | PR (n = 30) | Control (n = 30) | ||
| General | ||||
| Gender (M/F), n | 13/14 | 15/14 | 10/18 | NS |
| Age, years | 80.5 (1.4) | 81.1 (2.2) | 85.9 (0.9) | NS |
| Height, cm | 163 (1.7) | 161(1.8) | 162 (1.5) | NS |
| Weight, kg | 57.9 (1.7) | 64.8 (2.3) | 58.6 (1.8) | 0.035** |
| COPD history, year | 9.6 (1.5) | 7.8 (1.3) | 6.7 (0.3) | NS |
| Smoke history, pack-year | 13.7 (3.4) | 12.8 (3.2) | 6.4 (2.4) | NS |
| Self-report co-morbidities, n† | 2 (1) | 1 (2) | 1 (0) | NS |
| Dietary intake | ||||
| Energy intake, kcal | 1599 (57.3) | 1626 (54.4) | 1603 (51.9) | NS |
| Protein intake, g | 62.9 (2.4) | 65.6 (2.3) | 63.8 (2.9) | NS |
| Lung function and symptom scores | ||||
| FEV1, L, % predicted** | 71.7 (1.4) | 67.2 (2.3) | 68.6 (1.2) | NS |
| FEV1/FVC, % | 63.3 (4.1) | 61.8 (5.6) | 62.4 (4.8) | NS |
| Frequency of acute exacerbation† | 1 (2) | 1 (1) | 1 (1) | NS |
| MRC dyspnea scale | 2.1 (0.1) | 2.1 (0.2) | 2.5 (0.2) | NS |
| CAT | 17.0 (0.8) | 17.9 (1.0) | 16.6 (0.6) | NS |
| GOLD groups, A: B: C: D | 0:10:0:17 | 2:6:0:21 | 0:10:0:18 | NS |
| Nutritional and emotional status | ||||
| MNA-SF | 7.2 (0.5) | 7.2 (0.4) | 11.7 (0.2) | 0.0001** |
| Serum Albumin, g/L | 37.9 (0.7) | 37.7 (0.7) | 36.5 (0.7) | NS |
| HADS-Anxiety | 6.4 (0.5) | 7.6 (0.4) | 7.7 (0.4) | NS |
| HADS-Depression | 12.2 (0.7) | 13.3 (0.7) | 13.4 (0.8) | NS |
| Muscle strength | ||||
| HGS, kg | 14.3 (1.3) | 13.4 (1.9) | 15.1 (1.0) | NS |
| 6MWD, m | 138 (8.1) | 135(8.0) | 166 (12.5) | NS |
| PImax, cmH2O† | 33 (10) | 32 (16) | 51 (19) | 0.003* |
| PEmax, cmH2O† | 40 (11) | 37 (18) | 67.5 (28) | 0.004* |
| Body composition | ||||
| BMI, kg/m2 | 21.6 (0.6) | 24.6 (0.7) | 22.1 (0.6) | 0.003** |
| FMI, kg/m2 | 7.4 (0.5) | 9.7 (0.5) | 7.6 (0.7) | 0.013** |
| FFMI, kg/m2 | 14.2 (0.3) | 14.9 (0.5) | 15.2 (0.4) | NS |
| ASMI, kg/m2 | 6.1 (0.2) | 5.9 (0.3) | 6.4 (0.4) | NS |
MNA-SF, Mini Nutritional Assessment-Short Form; HADS, Hospital Anxiety and Depression; FEV1, forced expiratory volume in 1s; FVC, forced vital capacity; MRC, Medical Research Council; CAT, COPD assessment test; BMI, body mass index; FMI, fat mass index; FFMI, fat-free mass index; ASMI, appendicular skeletal muscle index; HGS, hand grip strength; 6MWD, 6 min walking distance; PImax, maximum inspiratory mouth pressure; PEmax, maximum expiratory mouth pressure.
†Median (IQR) values, using Kruskal-Wallis H test, and *p<0.05; the rest were normal data, using One-way ANCOVA, and **p<0.05