Table 2.
Outcome of the intervention
| Parameters | PRWP (n=27) Mean (SE) |
PR (n=29) Mean (SE) |
Control (n=28) Mean (SE) |
Among group differences |
||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pre | Post | ΔPre-post | Pre | Post | ΔPre-post | Pre | Post | ΔPre-post | p-value | |
| Muscle strength and endurance | ||||||||||
| HGS, kg | 14.3 (1.4) | 15.8 (1.4)** | 1.4 (0.5) | 13.4 (1.5) | 14.5 (1.9)* | 1.1 (0.6) | 15.1 (1.1) | 15.2 (1.1) | −0.02 (0.2) | 0.031 |
| 6MWD, m | 139 (8.6) | 155 (8.3)** | 16.1 (3.6) | 135 (8.2) | 140 (9.5) | 4.9 (4.3) | 167 (11.0) | 168 (12.7) | 1.9 (2.2) | 0.023 |
| PImax, cmH2O† | 33 (10) | 34 (10)* | 1 (4) | 32 (16) | 33 (20) | 1 (3) | 51 (19) | 52.5 (19)* | 2 (4) | 0.52 |
| PEmax, cmH2O† | 40 (11) | 43 (10) | 2 (5) | 37 (18) | 38 (26)* | 2 (5) | 67.5 (28) | 68.5 (32) | 2 (6) | 0.85 |
| Mental health status | ||||||||||
| HADS-A | 6.4 (0.5) | 6.4 (0.4) | −0.04 (0.3) | 7.6 (0.4) | 8.5 (0.3)** | 0.9 (0.3) | 7.6 (0.4) | 7.8 (0.4) | 0.2 (0.2) | 0.022 |
| HADS-D | 12.2 (0.8) | 11.8 (0.9) | −0.4 (0.7) | 13.3 (0.7) | 13.0 (0.7) | 0.3 (0.03) | 13.4 (0.8) | 12.9 (0.8) | −0.4 (0.4) | 0.865 |
| Lung function and symptom scores | ||||||||||
| %FEV1, pred | 71.7 (1.4) | 71.9 (1.4) | 0.3 (0.5) | 67.2 (2.3) | 66.8 (2.3) | 0.4 (0.6) | 68.6 (1.2) | 67.5 (1.2)* | −1.1 (0.5) | 0.242 |
| MRC | 2.1 (0.2) | 1.8 (0.2) | −0.3 (0.1)* | 2.1 (0.2) | 2.3(0.2) | 0.2(0.1) | 2.5 (0.2) | 2.5 (0.1) | 0.04 (0.05) | 0.003 |
| CAT scores | 17.0 (0.8) | 16.4 (1.1) | −0.7 (0.7) | 17.9 (1.0) | 17.9 (1.0) | 0.0 (0.35) | 16.6 (0.6) | 18.0 (0.9) | 1.4 (0.9) | 0.009 |
| Body composition | ||||||||||
| Weight, kg | 57.9 (1.8) | 59.2 (1.8) | 1.2 (0.7) | 64.8 (2.3) | 63.5 (2.1) | −1.4 (0.7) | 58.6 (1.9) | 58.4 (1.9) | −0.1 (0.2) | 0.03 |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 21.6 (0.7) | 22.1 (0.6) | 0.5 (0.3) | 24.6 (0.7) | 24.1 (0.6) | −0.5 (0.3) | 22.1 (0.6) | 22.1 (0.6) | −0.05 (0.07) | 0.051 |
| FMI, kg/m2 | 7.4 (0.6) | 8.3 (0.6) | 0.9 (0.5) | 9.7 (0.5) | 8.9 (0.7) | −0.8 (0.5) | 7.6 (0.7) | 7.3 (0.7) | −0.3 (0.9) | 0.137 |
| FFMI, kg/m2 | 14.2 (0.3) | 13.7 (0.4) | −0.5 (0.4) | 14.9 (0.5) | 15.3 (0.6) | 0.4 (0.4) | 15.2 (0.4) | 14.8 (0.6) | −0.4 (0.7) | 0.419 |
| ASMI, kg/m2 | 6.1 (0.3) | 5.6 (0.2) | −0.1 (0.3) | 5.9 (0.3) | 6.4 (0.3)* | 0.5 (0.05) | 6.4 (0.5) | 6.1 (0.3) | −0.3 (0.5) | 0.153 |
HADS, Hospital Anxiety and Depression; FEV1, forced expiratory volume in 1s; MRC, Medical Research Council; HGS, hand grip strength; 6MWD, 6 min walking distance; PImax, maximum inspiratory mouth pressure; PEmax, maximum expiratory mouth pressure; CAT, COPD assessment test; BMI, body mass index; FMI, fat mass index; FFMI, fat-free mass index; ASMI, appendicular skeletal muscle index
†Median (IQR) values, and within group changes compared using Wilcoxon signed ranks test, among group differences compared using Kruskal-Wallis test. and Bonferroni tests were further used for comparing the differences between the two groups.
*p< 0.05, **p< 0.01.