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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2025 Apr 3.
Published in final edited form as: IEEE Trans Med Imaging. 2024 Apr 3;43(4):1568–1578. doi: 10.1109/TMI.2023.3343365

TABLE II:

The prediction results of PNC data with different models(mean ± standard deviation).

Model Paradigm WRAT RMSE p-value PVRT RMSE p-value PMAT RMSE p-value

LR emoid *14.3332 ± 0.0773 <1e-5 2.3863 ± 0.0809 <1e-5 4.1283 ± 0.1779 <1e-5
nback 13.7302 ± 0.5156 0.0017 2.4570 ± 0.2442 1.176e-5 4.0618 ± 0.6491 0.0161
rest 16.7479 ± 0.1272 <1e-5 2.2918 ± 0.0815 <1e-5 4.0996 ± 0.0685 <1e-5

MLP emoid 14.8311 ± 0.0889 <1e-5 2.2003 ± 0.0184 <1e-5 3.8380 ± 0.0229 <1e-5
nback 14.7806 ± 1.8392 0.0132 2.7818 ± 0.6738 0.0020 3.9569 ± 0.2941 0.0001
rest 16.7823 ± 0.1171 <1e-5 2.1083 ± 0.0099 <1e-5 3.8560 ± 0.0312 <1e-5

GCN emoid 15.9073 ± 0.0007 <1e-5 2.3066 ± 0.0057 <1e-5 3.8213 ± 0.0023 <1e-5
nback 14.2264 ± 0.1086 <1e-5 2.3031 ± 0.0283 <1e-5 3.7225 ± 0.0430 <1e-5
rest *16.6089 ± 0.1950 <1e-5 * 2.0941 ± 0.0109 <1e-5 3.8881 ± 0.0108 <1e-5

GAT emoid 16.0062 ± 0.0516 <1e-5 2.4162 ± 0.0164 <1e-5 3.8800 ± 0.0277 <1e-5
nback 14.4641 ± 0.0001 <1e-5 2.1784 ± 0.0054 <1e-5 3.5969 ± 0.0304 <1e-5
rest 17.0622 ± 0.2401 <1e-5 2.1457 ± 0.0241 <1e-5 3.9033 ± 0.0316 <1e-5

GT emoid 15.9038 ± 0.0265 <1e-5 2.3992 ± 0.0056 <1e-5 *3.7724 ± 0.0334 <1e-5
nback 15.0393 ± 0.1169 <1e-5 2.1514 ± 0.0037 <1e-5 3.4735 ± 0.0614 0.5187
rest 16.9933 ± 0.1175 <1e-5 2.2137 ± 0.0112 <1e-5 3.8591 ± 0.0131 <1e-5

SAN emoid 15.8577 ± 0.0283 <1e-5 2.4263 ± 0.0018 <1e-5 3.8102 ± 0.0021 <1e-5
nback 16.1831 ± 0.0668 <1e-5 2.2192 ± 0.0062 <1e-5 3.5888 ± 0.0093 <1e-5
rest 16.7446 ± 0.1126 <1e-5 2.2371 ± 0.0202 <1e-5 *3.8379 ± 0.0197 <1e-5

GGCN emoid 15.8852 ± 0.2412 <1e-5 *2.1968 ± 0.0231 <1e-5 3.7969 ± 0.0128 <1e-5
nback *13.6968 ± 0.0189 <1e-5 2.2591 ± 0.0028 <1e-5 3.5776 ± 0.0296 <1e-5
rest 18.1212 ± 0.1180 <1e-5 2.2428 ± 0.0246 <1e-5 3.9843 ± 0.0130 <1e-5

GGT emoid 13.8288 ± 0.0295 - 1.8209 ± 0.0029 - 3.3989 ± 0.0077 -
nback 13.0951 ± 0.0462 - 1.9700 ± 0.0097 - *3.4873 ± 0.0136 -
rest 13.3879 ± 0.0190 - 1.9924 ± 0.0043 - 3.6198 ± 0.0055 -

p-values are obtained using t-tests to compare the performance of our model with that of other competing models across repeated experiments. Bold values indicate the best results, while those marked with

*

represent the second-best results.