Table 1.
Demographic and clinical characteristics of study participants.
| Oral contraceptives (OC) | No OC | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cyclic OC (n = 7) | Continuous OC (n = 6) | IUD (n = 11) | No hormones (n = 23)* | Total (n = 47) | |
|
| |||||
| Age | |||||
| Mean ± SD | 32 ± 5.2 | 38.2 ± 5.4 | 34.5 ± 4.1 | 35.3 ± 7.3 | 35 ± 6.2 |
| Race (%) | |||||
| White/Caucasian | 6 (85.7) | 5 (83.3) | 7 (63.6) | 20 (87.0) | 38 (80.8) |
| Asian | 0 (0.0) | 1 (16.7) | 1 (9.1) | 0 (0.0) | 2 (4.3) |
| Other | 1 (14.3) | 0 (0.0) | 2 (18.2) | 3 (13.0) | 6 (12.8) |
| Unknown | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (9.1) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (2.1) |
| Ethnicity (%) | |||||
| Hispanic or Latino | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 3 (13.0) | 3 (6.4) |
| Not Hispanic or Latino | 7 (100.0) | 6 (100.0) | 10 (91.0) | 20 (87.0) | 41 (91.1) |
| Unknown | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (9.0) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (2.1) |
| Marital Status (%) | |||||
| Single | 3 (42.9) | 4 (66.7) | 4 (36.4) | 10 (43.5) | 21 (44.7) |
| Married | 4 (57.1) | 2 (33.3) | 6 (54.6) | 11 (47.8) | 23 (48.9) |
| Unknown | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (9.0) | 2 (8.7) | 3 (6.4) |
| BMI | |||||
| Mean ± SD | 24.5 ± 3.7 | 25.2 ± 6.7 | 26.6 ± 5.9 | 25.4 ± 5.1 | 25.5 ± 5.2 |
| DMT (%) | |||||
| Infusion Therapy | 4 (57.1) | 5 (83.3) | 10 (90.9) | 17 (73.9) | 36 (76.6) |
| Oral Therapy | 1 (14.3) | 1 (16.7) | 0 (0.0) | 2 (8.7) | 4 (8.5) |
| First-Line Self-Injectables** | 1 (14.3) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (9.1) | 0 (0.0) | 2 (4.3) |
| No DMT | 1 (14.3) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 4 (17.4) | 5 (10.6) |
| MS Type (%) | |||||
| Relapsing-Remitting | 7 (100.0) | 6 (100.0) | 10 (90.9) | 21 (91.3) | 44 (93.6) |
| Primary Progressive | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (9.1) | 2 (8.7) | 3 (6.4) |
| EDSS | |||||
| Median (IQR) | 1.5 (1.5–1.5) | 1.5 (1–1.5) | 1.5 (1–2) | 1.5 (1–2.5) | 1.5 (1–2) |
| Time On Study | |||||
| Mean N weeks ± SD | 17.9 ± 5.8 | 21.3 ± 4.2 | 20.8 ± 6.7 | 19.7 ± 6.1 | 19.9 ± 5.9 |
| Recruitment Site (%) | |||||
| UCSF | 3 (42.9) | 4 (66.7) | 10 (90.9) | 15 (65.2) | 32 (31.9) |
| Yale | 4 (57.1) | 2 (33.3) | 1 (9.1) | 8 (34.8) | 15 (68.1) |
Abbreviations: BMI: Body Mass Index; CIS: Clinically Isolated Syndrome; DMT: Disease Modifying Therapy; EDSS: Expanded Disability Status Scale; MS: multiple sclerosis; OC: oral contraceptive; IQR: Interquartile Range; SD: Standard deviation; IUD: intrauterine device.
*
The “no hormones” group included: Condom (n = 14), Copper IUD (n = 4), Tubal ligation (n = 3), FAM (n = 1) and Essure (n = 1).
**
First-line self-injectables = glatiramer, interferons.