Table 2.
Concentrations (in pg/mL) of different proteins in serum of mice exposed to towels with e-cig aerosols compared to control mice exposed to towels with no e-cig aerosols (ENDS-contaminated vs. control)
| Serum proteins | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Protein | Exposed | Control | P value (all exposed vs. all control) | ||||||||
| all exposed mice (n = 7) | Males (n = 5) | Females (n = 2) | 48 days (n = 3) | 75 days (n = 4) | all control mice (n = 6) | Males (n = 4) | Females (n = 2) | 48 days (n = 2) | 75 days (n = 4) | ||
| GM-CSF | 15.3 ± 9.6 | 17.8 ± 10.1 | 8.9 ± 5.2 | 13.7 ± 4.2 | 16.5 ± 12.9 | 14.3 ± 6.0 | 16.7 ± 5.5 | 9.4 ± 4.5 | 21.3 ± 0.2 | 10.8 ± 3.4 | 0.990 |
| IFNγ | 3.9 ± 5.3 | 4.9 ± 6.2 | 1.4 ± 0.1 | 2.0 ± 0.5 | 5.3 ± 7.1 | 3.2 ± 1.5 | 3.6 ± 1.8 | 2.4 ± 0.3 | 4.7 ± 2.3 | 2.5 ± 0.2 | 0.667 |
| IL-1α | 286.3 ± 71.2 | 264.4 ± 63.5 | 340.9 ± 76.9 | 287.4 ± 77.8 | 285.4 ± 78.0 | 322.1 ± 53.4 | 303.1 ± 52.8 | 360.2 ± 39.2 | 282.1 ± 31.6 | 342.1 ± 53.0 | 0.284 |
| IL-1β | 11.8 ± 1.8 | 11.3 ± 1.9 | 12.9 ± 0.9 | 12.6 ± 0.9 | 11.1 ± 2.1 | 14.3 ± 6.1 | 16.1 ± 6.9 | 10.5 ± 0.6 | 20.1 ± 8.7 | 11.3 ± 1.4 | 0.350 |
| IL-10 | 12.4 ± 6.2 | 14.3 ± 6.3 | 7.7 ± 3.6 | 10.9 ± 1.2 | 13.5 ± 8.5 | 25.1 ± 30.2 | 31.6 ± 36.8 | 12.0 ± 0.2 | 51.4 ± 50.0 | 11.9 ± 1.4 | 0.249 |
| IL-12p70 | 21.1 ± 5.2 | 21.3 ± 5.8 | 20.4 ± 5.2 | 17.3 ± 2.3 | 23.9 ± 5.1 | 206.5 ± 297.4 | 297.8 ± 337.8 | 23.9 ± 3.5 | 579.1 ± 160.8 | 20.2 ± 4.8 | 0.130 |
| IL-13 | 63.2 ± 35.9 | 72.1 ± 37.8 | 41.0 ± 25.1 | 59.5 ± 6.5 | 66.0 ± 50.3 | 88.4 ± 34.7 | 89.0 ± 36.7 | 87.1 ± 44.7 | 117.6 ± 18.3 | 73.8 ± 32.4 | 0.183 |
| IL-17A | 2.5 ± 0.8 | 2.6 ± 1.0 | 2.2 ± 0.01 | 2.8 ± 1.2 | 2.2 ± 0.3 | 4.1 ± 3.8 | 5.0 ± 4.5 | 2.3 ± 0.4 | 7.3 ± 6.4 | 2.5 ± 0.7 | 0.290 |
| IL-2 | 19.1 ± 29.6 | 19.1 ± 29.6 | NA | 6.6 ± 4.0 | 37.7 ± 48.0 | 14.2 ± 6.8 | 14.6 ± 8.6 | 13.5 ± 3.3 | 19.6 ± 3.9 | 11.6 ± 6.6 | 0.661 |
| IL-4 | 0.5 ± 0.2 | 0.6 ± 0.2 | 0.3 ± 0.1 | 0.5 ± 0.1 | 0.5 ± 0.3 | 5.5 ± 12.4 | 8.0 ± 15.1 | 0.4 ± 0.1 | 15.6 ± 21.4 | 0.4 ± 0.1 | 0.332 |
| IL-5 | 27.0 ± 20.8 | 29.5 ± 24.9 | 20.8 ± 3.6 | 15.1 ± 5.7 | 35.9 ± 24.5 | 23.4 ± 24.4 | 27.4 ± 30.4 | 15.4 ± 3.8 | 43.0 ± 42.3 | 13.6 ± 3.7 | 0.547 |
| IL-6 | 92.0 ± 90.1 | 126.9 ± 82.7 | 4.8 ± 1.5 | 91.6 ± 76.3 | 92.3 ± 111.1 | 64.1 ± 119.3 | 94.2 ± 141.8 | 3.9 ± 1.3 | 183.0 ± 169.4 | 4.6 ± 1.1 | 0.319 |
| IL-7 | 6.4 ± 2.1 | 6.5 ± 2.0 | 6.0 ± 3.0 | 7.3 ± 2.3 | 5.7 ± 1.9 | 12.0 ± 5.2 | 9.3 ± 3.4 | 17.4 ± 3.6 | 12.0 ± 1.6 | 12.0 ± 6.68 | 0.022 |
| KC | 332.7 ± 207.9 | 416.1 ± 179.3 | 124.4 ± 96.2 | 389.7 ± 229.8 | 290.0 ± 213.5 | 260.3 ± 241.9 | 345.4 ± 261.4 | 90.0 ± 28.3 | 519.3 ± 278.5 | 130.7 ± 67.8 | 0.512 |
| LIX | 3444.7 ± 1062.7 | 3781.4 ± 1090.9 | 2603.1 ± 181.5 | 3206.3 ± 999.3 | 3623.6 ± 1222.0 | 3937.5 ± 1702.8 | 4109.8 ± 2167.6 | 3592.7 ± 211.2 | 2431.9 ± 289.1 | 4690.2 ± 1593.1 | 0.611 |
| MCP-1 | 206.9 ± 149.8 | 262.9 ± 140.5 | 66.9 ± 28.9 | 247.8 ± 163.8 | 176.2 ± 155.2 | 130.0 ± 120.1 | 170.3 ± 132.4 | 49.4 ± 4.2 | 282.1 ± 43.4 | 54.0 ± 16.7 | 0.286 |
| MIP-2 | 72.5 ± 9.3 | 73.8 ± 11.1 | 69.2 ± 0.0 | 70.9 ± 14.5 | 73.7 ± 5.4 | 82.8 ± 11.0 | 87.0 ± 11.0 | 74.5 ± 6.1 | 90.9 ± 3.9 | 78.8 ± 11.5 | 0.104 |
| TNFα | 21.5 ± 7.5 | 22.2 ± 8.6 | 19.6 ± 6.1 | 21.9 ± 5.2 | 21.2 ± 9.7 | 29.6 ± 26.2 | 36.5 ± 30.6 | 16.0 ± 8.5 | 60.5 ± 21.2 | 14.2 ± 6.9 | 0.891 |
NA means protein measurements were below the limit of detection. Results are presented as mean ± standard deviation (sd) for all exposed (n = 7) and all control (n = 6) mice. Under each exposure category, mean ± sd are presented by age and sex where applicable. NA means not measured and/or not estimated. BALF: bronchoalveolar lavage fluid; ENDS: electronic nicotine delivery systems.