Table 3.
Concentrations (in pg/mL) of different proteins in the BALF of mice exposed to towels with e-cig aerosols compared to control mice exposed to towels with no e-cig aerosols (ENDS-contaminated vs. control)
| BALF Proteins | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Protein | Exposed | Control | P value (all exposed vs. all control) | ||||||||
| all exposed mice (n = 7) | Males (n = 5) | Females (n = 2) | 48 days (n = 3) | 75 days (n = 4) | all control mice (n = 6) | Males (n = 4) | Females (n = 2) | 48 days (n = 2) | 75 days (n = 4) | ||
| GM-CSF | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| IFNγ | 0.3 ± 0.2 | 0.4 ± 0.2 | 0.2 ± 0.2 | 0.5 ± 0.2 | 0.2 ± 0.1 | 0.3 ± 0.1 | 0.3 ± 0.1 | 0.3 ± 0.1 | 0.3 ± 0.1 | 0.2 ± 0.1 | 0.893 |
| IL-1α | 59.0 ± 19.0 | 67.5 ± 14.7 | 37.9 ± 6.9 | 69.0 ± 17.2 | 51.5 ± 18.7 | 62.7 ± 12.6 | 58.6 ± 13.6 | 70.9 ± 6.5 | 68.1 ± 13.4 | 60.0 ± 13.3 | 0.582 |
| IL-1β | 0.6 ± 0.3 | 0.6 ± 0.3 | 0.3 ± 0.3 | 0.7 ± 0.2 | 0.4 ± 0.4 | 0.9 ± 0.2 | 0.8 ± 0.2 | 1.0 ± 0.1 | 0.7 ± 0.1 | 0.9 ± 0.1 | 0.090 |
| IL-10 | 1.7 ± 0.5 | 1.8 ± 0.5 | 1.5 ± 0.2 | 2.02 ± 0.6 | 1.4 ± 0.2 | 2.0 ± 0.4 | 2.1 ± 0.4 | 1.8 ± 0.4 | 2.3 ± 0.1 | 1.8 ± 0.4 | 0.225 |
| IL-12p70 | 4.1 ± 1.5 | 4.3 ± 1.7 | 3.5 ± 1.0 | 5.04 ± 1.9 | 3.4 ± 0.8 | 5.2 ± 0.9 | 5.6 ± 0.8 | 4.4 ± 0.2 | 6.01 ± 1.0 | 4.8 ± 0.5 | 0.096 |
| IL-13 | 8.5 ± 0.6 | 8.4 ± 0.7 | 8.6 ± 0.2 | 8.5 ± 1.0 | 8.4 ± 0.3 | 7.5 ± 0.4 | 7.4 ± 0.4 | 7.5 ± 0.4 | 7.1 ± 0.2 | 7.6 ± 0.3 | 0.006 |
| IL-17A | 0.1 ± 0.1 | 0.1 ± 0.1 | 0.1 ± NA | 0.1 ± 0.1 | 0.1 ± 0.1 | 0.1 ± 0.03 | 0.1 ± 0.03 | 0.0 ± NA | 0.1 ± 0 | 0.1 ± 0.04 | NA |
| IL-2 | 6.9 ± 2.7 | 8.0 ± 2.3 | 4.1 ± 0.93 | 9.1 ± 2.5 | 5.2 ± 1.4 | 7.0 ± 1.8 | 7.3 ± 2.2 | 6.6 ± 1.0 | 8.9 ± 1.7 | 6.1 ± 1.0 | 0.731 |
| IL-4 | 0.1 ± 0.07 | 0.1 ± 0.03 | 0.1 ± 0.01 | 0.1 ± 0.03 | 0.1 ± 0.03 | 0.1 ± 0.03 | 0.1 ± 0.03 | 0.1 ± 0.04 | 0.1 ± 0.01 | 0.1 ± 0.03 | 0.166 |
| IL-5 | 1.0 ± 0.2 | 1.0 ± 0.2 | 1.0 ± 0.05 | 1.0 ± 0.2 | 0.9 ± 0.2 | 1.0 ± 0.3 | 0.9 ± 0.3 | 1.2 ± 0.2 | 0.9 ± 0.02 | 1.1 ± 0.3 | 0.731 |
| IL-6 | 1.9 ± 1.2 | 2.1 ± 1.3 | 1.6 ± 1.0 | 2.0 ± 1.8 | 1.9 ± 0.7 | 2.3 ± 1.8 | 2.7 ± 2.1 | 1.6 ± 0.7 | 3.3 ± 3.2 | 1.8 ± 0.9 | 0.718 |
| IL-7 | 0.9 ± 0.4 | 0.9 ± 0.5 | 1.0 ± 0.3 | 1.1 ± 0.5 | 0.8 ± 0.3 | 1.3 ± 0.7 | 1.3 ± 0.7 | 1.3 ± 0.9 | 1.4 ± 1.2 | 1.3 ± 0.5 | 0.272 |
| KC | 4.1 ± 0.8 | 4.2 ± 0.9 | 3.8 ± 0.5 | 3.9 ± 0.8 | 4.23 ± 0.8 | 4.4 ± 1.5 | 4.9 ± 1.7 | 3.5 ± 0.1 | 4.32 ± 2.4 | 4.51 ± 1.3 | 0.766 |
| LIX | 9.2 ± 5.8 | 9.2 ± 5.8 | NA | 11.4 ± 4.5 | 2.4 ± NA | 10.5 ± 4.8 | 9.2 ± 4.7 | 13.0 ± 5.2 | 5.37 ± 1.4 | 13.0 ± 3.3 | 0.582 |
| MCP-1 | 11.2 ± 4.6 | 11.7 ± 5.0 | 10.1 ± 4.7 | 15.0 ± 1.4 | 8.5 ± 4.0 | 14.5 ± 4.5 | 15.9 ± 5.1 | 11.7 ± 0.5 | 19.4 ± 3.6 | 12.1 ± 2.3 | 0.218 |
| MIP-2 | 84.3 ± 12.6 | 87.8 ± 10.8 | 75.7 ± 16.7 | 85.8 ± 14.0 | 83.2 ± 13.5 | 96.3 ± 15.3 | 90.6 ± 16.0 | 107.7 ± 4.2 | 87.2 ± 18.9 | 100.8 ± 13.7 | 0.175 |
| TNFα | 1.7 ± 0.3 | 1.7 ± 0.4 | 1.5 ± 0.2 | 1.9 ± 0.3 | 1.5 ± 0.2 | 1.7 ± 0.4 | 1.6 ± 0.4 | 1.9 ± 0.1 | 1.7 ± 0.6 | 1.7 ± 0.3 | 0.943 |
NA means protein measurements were below the limit of detection. Results are presented as mean ± standard deviation (sd) for all exposed (n = 7) and all control (n = 6) mice. Under each exposure category, mean ± sd are presented by age and sex where applicable. P values are the results of one-way ANOVA, where bolded and underlined P values are ≤ 0.05 and < 0.1, respectively. NA means not measured and/or not estimated. BALF: bronchoalveolar lavage fluid; ENDS: electronic nicotine delivery systems; ANOVA: analysis of variance.