Demonstration of gene expression of β-galactosidase in Cos-7 (a and b), R17 (c), HuH-7 (d), and CaCo2 (e and f) cells after gene transfer using VP60Δ-L1BS (a, c, d, and e) or HPV-16 L1 (b and f) capsids. Transfected cells expressing β-galactosidase were stained with X-Gal.