Table 2:

Marginal medians for hospital and ICU length of stay by prehospital opioid exposure

	Mean Days (95% Confidence Interval)
Unadjusted	No Opioids	Any Opioids	p	2 mme	4 mme	6 mme	8mme	10 mme	p
Hospital LOS	4.9 (4.8, 5.1)	4.9 (4.6, 5.1)	0.68	4.9 (4.8, 4.1)	4.9 (4.7, 5.1)	5.0 (4.7, 5.2)	5.0 (4.6, 5.3)	5.0 (4.6, 5.4)	0.73
ICU LOS	3.2 (2.9, 3.4)	3.2 (2.7, 3.6)	0.94	3.2 (2.9, 3.5)	3.2 (2.8, 3.6)	3.2 (2.6, 3.8)	3.2 (2.4, 4.0)	3.2 (2.2, 4.2)	0.92
Adjusted
Hospital LOS	5.1 (4.9, 5.3)	4.7 (4.5, 4.9)	<0.01	4.9 (4.7, 5.1)	4.8 (4.6, 4.9)	4.7 (4.5, 4.9)	4.6 (4.3, 4.9)	4.6 (4.2, 4.9)	0.06
ICU LOS	3.5 (3.1, 3.8)	2.8 (2.3, 3.4)	0.05	3.2 (2.8, 3.5)	2.9 (2.4, 3.5)	2.8 (2.0, 3.5)	2.6 (1.7, 3.5)	2.4 (1.3, 3.5)	0.17

Adjusted outcomes modeled using inverse probability of treatment weights based on age, sex, race, comorbidities, frailty, injury severity, presence of TBI, prehospital vital signs, scene time, and prehospital travel time.