. 2024 May 13;32(6):342. doi: 10.1007/s00520-024-08516-0

Table 2.

Study characteristics, physical activity, and diet interventions of included studies

Author, year	Sample size (n)	Mean age (y)	Intervention typology	Weeks (n)	Time	Intensity (%)	Outcomes	Assessment tools
Valle et al. [34]	280	33.40	Mobile Health PA	24	-	-	PA min/wk MVPA Light PA Steps sedentary behavior	PA: ActiGraph GT3X + , participants wore it on their wrist for 7 days. Self-reported PA: GLTEQ. SBQ
Price and Brunet [35]	7	33.9	PA, Fruit Vegetable Consumption Teleconferencing	12	1 h/w face to face via teleconferencing	-	PA FVC Motivational processes	Self-reported: PA, FVC. Assessment of autonomy, competence, and relatedness in PA contexts: Exercise Treatment Self-Regulation Q. Dietary Self-Regulation Q. Interview
Johnson et al. [36]	49	33.6 ± 4.9	Fitbit and Facebook PA	12	Weekly texts or phone calls ≤ 5 min. ActiGraphs were worn for 7 days and then were returned	-	Daily minutes of subjective MVPA, light PA and ST, SDT constructs, and HQOL	MVPA, light-intensity PA, and ST: GT3X + ActiGraph SDT constructs: Behavioral Regulation in Exercise Q-2. QOL: Fatigue Symptom Inventory
Atkinson et al. [37]	43	20 ± 3	A^a–RT^b	10	2 sessions/w	A^a: 50–85% HR max	Cardiorespiratory fitness, fatigue, QOL	Cardiorespiratory fitness: VO_2peak fatigue: FACIT-F, QOL: PEDS QL
Salchow et al. [38]	89	24.1 $\pm$ 6.3	Structured counseling-based PA	12	1 h of semi-structured interviews	-	Rates of participation in vigorous PA, amount, and intensity of the participants’ PA behavior, QOL	Rates of vigorous PA, amount and intensity of the participants’ PA behavior: IPAQ. QOL: EORTC and QLQ-C30
Price and Brunet [39]	16	33.9	PA, Fruit Vegetable Consumption Teleconferencing	12	1 h/w face to face via teleconferencing	-	Feasibility, PA, fruit vegetable consumption	Feasibility: recruitment, enrollment, adherence, retention, and attrition rates. PA participation: IPAQ–Short Form. BRFSS
Keadle et al. [40]	25 PA 26 PA + charity	36.8	eHealth PA with charity incentives	12	Weekly Newsletter email	-	Feasibility and increased PA	PA: ActivPAL (a research-grade device) was used for the calculation of daily steps. SR: physical function, fatigue, depression, and sleep disturbance. Motivational factors: BREQ-3
Miller et al. [41]	16	19.7	PA^c	2	7 days at baseline, 2 weeks after the first two exercise sessions, and 2 weeks after the last two exercise sessions: Actigraph	-	MVPA, autonomy, competence, and relatedness, exercise motivation and fatigue	MVPA: Actigraph GT3x. Autonomy, competence, and relatedness: PNSE. Exercise motivation: BREQ Fatigue: FSA
Wurz et al. [42]	16	35.2 ± 5.6	PA^d	12	4 weekly sessions of 25–45 min	A^a: 40–75% HR	Feasibility EF task performance	Feasibility: number of participants, adherence to fMRI scans, outliers, missing data. EF: Letter n-back task and GO/NO GO task
De Nysschen et al. (2021)	24	16.6 ± 2.8	Exercise and Nutrition Education	8	Weekly 1 h PA	-	Health-related fitness: cardiovascular endurance, flexibility, muscular strength, endurance, anthropometrics. QoL, fatigue, PA self-efficacy, and nutrition education sessions with a dietician to enhance nutrition knowledge and dietary habit	Health-related fitness: wrist-based activity trackers (Fitbit Flex). QoL-fatigue: FACIT, QoL-PedsQL. PA self-efficacy: Godin Leisure-Time Q Nutrition knowledge and dietary habit: a 20-question nutrition quiz and 3-day dietary intake records were completed at baseline and post-intervention
Ketterl et al. [43]	20	18–39	RT^b	12	3 in-person exercise sessions with an exercise physiologist and a progressive increase in individual RT^b	-	Body composition metabolic fitness, strength testing, feasibility	Body composition: LBM and PFM. Strength and endurance assessments feasibility: number of enrolled participants, weekly follow-up phone calls with participants, number of participants who completed the intervention
Smith et al. [44]	35	21.1 ± 2.6	Rehabilitation Program	8	Weekly 1 h PA and 1 h education/self-management session	-	Feasibility, acceptability: adherence Program Ratings: exercise and PA, eating a healthy diet, accessing support in the community. Physical functioning, HQOL, Self-perception of performance and satisfaction	Physical Function measures PedsQL COPM Self-reported: health literacy, program evaluation
Wurz and Brunet [45]	16	32.8 ± 7.9	PA	12	2 weekly sessions^a unsupervised-week 3–4 = 20 min, week 5–6 = 25 min, week 7–8 = 30 min, week 9–12 = 30 min 2 weekly sessions^b supervised-week 1–6^f = 15–20 min, unsupervised-week 7–12 = 15–20 min	A^a: 40–60 %HRR (week 1–8), 60–75 %HRR (week 9–12) RT^b: 1–2 sets, 8–12 RM (week 1–6), 2–3 sets, 6–10 RM (week 7–12)	Feasibility, acceptability and adverse events, PA, psychological outcomes, participants encountered some difficulties when attempting to integrate PA into their daily routines	PA: GLTEQ Actigraph wGT3XP-BT Physical outcomes: Portable HR-200 height rod, Tanita TBF-310 GS scale, 30-s sit-to-stand test, HealthSmart Digital Blood Pressure Monitor, 6MWT Self-reported: Exercise Self-Efficacy scale, PSDQ-S, Rosenberg Global Self-Esteem Scale Qualitative Interviews
Lynch et al. [46]	46	37	Exercise, Nutritional/Behavioral Strategies and Health Lessons	52	3 d/w (women)/ 4 d/w (men): weight training 2 d/w: cardiovascular/ interval training 1 d/w: active recovery 1 d/w: rest day every 2 weeks: participants were given a new healthy habit to practice Each day: read lessons Biweekly emails: SR Any changes in upper or lower body symptoms	-	Feasibility, adherence, efficacy, and safety	Anthropometric measures: Stadiometer, Seca 876 scale, non-elastic measuring tape, Lange caliper Model EQ0014921. Feasibility: number of enrolled participants. Retention: number of participants attending 6/12-month study visit/number of enrolled SR. Adherence: average of mean percent Adherence to each of the 3 intervention components. Efficacy: changes in initial weight (percent weight loss). Safety: Number and type of adverse events
Rabin [47]	35	33.6 ± 4.0	Home-based PA and Meditation	12	Weekly engagement	-	Participants reporting PA barriers: schedule-related barriers, health-related barriers, other type of barrier	Intervention calls, PAR
Valle and Tate [48]	86	31.75	Facebook PA	12	Weekly engagement	-	Facebook engagement Differences in engagement by group format Types of Facebook posts The relationship between Facebook engagement and PA outcomes	Pedometer, BMI, PA: GLTEQ. Facebook engagement: Response posts, Likes, Participant-initiated posts, Interactions (sum of response posts, initiated posts, likes) SR: Facebook Intensity Scale, Fb engagement questions, perceptions of Fb group discussions, Perceptions of Facebook, Type of engagement: posts, likes and SR data
Gill et al. [49]	116	32.4 ± 6.5	Outdoor adventure therapy-PA	1	5–7 h per day/ 7 days: group and individualized instruction from professional guides and program staff	-	Comparison of the effects of an outdoor adventure therapy camp experience compared with a wait list control on PA effects on sedentary behavior, PA variety, self-efficacy, environmental change self-efficacy, perceived barriers to exercise, and PA enjoyment	Self-reported: First Descents physical exam and participant application forms, demographics survey PA: PAR, Sedentary behavior: two questions pertaining to the number of hours spent watching television and the number of hours spent seated in the previous 7 days and Sallis Self-Efficacy and Exercise Habits Survey, Environmental-Change Self-Efficacy, Sallis Barriers to PA Scale, Preferred Activities Q, Enjoyment of PA Q, Enjoyment of Inactive Recreation scale
Rabin et al. [50]	35	33.6 ± 4.0	Home-based PA and Meditation	12	Weekly engagement	-	Feasibility, acceptability. Weekly minutes of moderate-intensity PA, cardiovascular fitness, enhanced fitness, and mood	Feasibility: retention, intervention calls. Acceptability: Satisfaction rating. PA: PAR. Treadmill walk: One-mile walk test. Assessment of mood: POMS
Hauken et al. [51]	20	31.1	Rehabilitation Program	24	3 weeks of residential rehabilitation, with 1-week follow-up visits after 3 and 6 months	-	HRQOL, Physical capacities	HRQOL: EORTC QOL C-30. Physical capacities: physical fitness, lung capacity, and strength and body shape. Aerobic fitness test: Aastrand 6-min Cycle Test
[52]	86 41 (control)	30.8 IG	PA	12	Weekly engagement	-	MVPA levels to $\geq$ 150 min per week	PA: GLTEQ. Self-efficacy for PA: Self-Efficacy and Exercise Habits Survey. Social support for exercise: Adapted items from the Social Support and Exercise Survey
Hauken et al. [53]	16	30.8	Rehabilitation PA program	24	Weekly engagement	-	PA, participation in the program. Qualitative descriptions of participants	Participation: COMP. PA: condition, strength, and lung capacity
Valle et al. [54]	86 41 (control)	30.8	Facebook-based PA	12	Weekly engagement	-	MVPA, feasibility, QoL	PA: GLTEQ. QoL: FACT-G. Adherence and acceptability

PA physical activity, MVPA moderate-to-vigorous PA, SBQ Sedentary Behavior Questionnaire, Q questionnaire, ST sedentary time, SDT self-determination theory construct measures, HQOL health-related quality of life, %HR max percentage of heart rate maximum, FACIT–F Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy-Fatigue, PEDS QL Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory, IPAQ International Physical Activity Questionnaire, EORTC QLQ-C30 European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire Core 30, IPAQ International Physical Activity Questionnaire—short form, BRFSS Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System–Fruit and Vegetable Questionnaire, BREQ-3 behavioral regulation to exercise, PNSE psychological need satisfaction in exercise, FCA fatigue scale-adolescent, NA neural activity, BMI body mass index, FACIT-F fatigue and FACT-G v4, QoL concerns related to fatigue and well-being in cancer patients, QoL-PedsQL QoL pediatric–multidimensional fatigue teen and young adult report, LBM lean body mass, PFM percentage fat mass, EORTC Quality of Life Questionnaire C30, GLTEQ Godin Leisure-Time Exercise Questionnaire, FACT-G Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-General, POMS profile of mood states, COMP Canadian Occupational Performance Measure, PAR 7 day physical activity recall

^aAerobic Training

^bResistance Training

^cA green exercise program comparing indoor and outdoor PA

^dNeuroimaging with Executive functioning (EF) tasks to evaluate neural activity changes after PA (aerobic and strength training)

^eGrip strength, 30-s chair stand assessment, one repetition maximum chest press, one repetition maximum leg press, and a 6-min walk test