Fig. 2. Treatment of IFN-γ, TNF-α, or IFN-γ + TNF-α induces PANoptosis.

SW480, DLD1, HCT116, or HT29 were treated by PBS, IFN-γ, TNF-α, or IFN-γ + TNF-α for 96 h. Cell death was measured by ATP-based cell viability (a) and PI staining (b, c). Data are expressed as mean ± s.d. from three technical replicates. (mean ± s.e.m.). Two-tailed unpaired Student’s t-test was used to determine significance (*P < 0.05; **P < 0.01; ***P < 0.001; ****P < 0.0001; NS, not significant). Scale bars, 50 um.