Table 2.
Baseline characteristics of the study participants with and without T2D by sex.
| Variables | Male | χ2 | P | Female | χ2 | P | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| With T2D | Without T2D | With T2D | Without T2D | |||||
| N (%) | N (%) | N (%) | N (%) | |||||
| N | 716(16.44) | 3638(83.56) | 870(16.95) | 4264(83.05) | ||||
| Age(years) | 15.064 | 0.002 | 37.063 | 0.000 | ||||
| 45–54 | 167(23.32) | 1107(30.43) | 249(28.62) | 1673(39.24) | ||||
| 55–64 | 304(42.46) | 1420(39.03) | 368(42.30) | 1562(36.63) | ||||
| 65–74 | 175(24.44) | 814(22.37) | 187(21.49) | 716(16.79) | ||||
| ≥ 75 | 70(9.78) | 297(8.16) | 66(7.59) | 313(7.34) | ||||
| Education levels | 2.262 | 0.520 | 2.083 | 0.555 | ||||
| Illiterate | 96(13.41) | 501(13.77) | 378(43.45) | 1807(42.38) | ||||
| Less than elementary school | 526(73.46) | 2669(73.36) | 431(49.54) | 2173(50.96) | ||||
| High school | 54(7.54) | 306(8.41) | 41(4.71) | 212(4.97) | ||||
| Above vocational school | 40(5.59) | 162(4.45) | 20(2.30) | 72(1.69) | ||||
| Marital status | 0.099 | 0.753 | 0.019 | 0.890 | ||||
| Single | 69(9.64) | 337(9.26) | 130(14.94) | 645(15.13) | ||||
| Married | 647(90.36) | 3301(90.74) | 740(85.06) | 3619(84.87) | ||||
| Current residence | 2.673 | 0.102 | 7.135 | 0.008 | ||||
| Rural | 649(90.64) | 3363(92.44) | 787(90.46) | 3968(93.06) | ||||
| Urban | 67(9.36) | 275(7.56) | 83(9.54) | 296(6.94) | ||||
| Current smoking | 11.336 | 0.003 | 0.724 | 0.696 | ||||
| No | 182(25.42) | 893(24.55) | 796(91.49) | 3937(92.33) | ||||
| Former smoke | 149(20.81) | 585(16.08) | 18(2.07) | 77(1.81) | ||||
| Current smoke | 385(53.77) | 2160(59.37) | 56(6.44) | 250(5.86) | ||||
| Alcohol drinking | 2.224 | 0.329 | 6.967 | 0.031 | ||||
| No | 328(45.81) | 1592(43.76) | 786(90.34) | 3730(87.48) | ||||
| Less than once a month | 67(9.36) | 403(11.08) | 40(4.60) | 215(5.04) | ||||
| More than once a month | 321(44.83) | 1643(45.16) | 44(5.06) | 319(7.48) | ||||
| Taking activities | 1.423 | 0.233 | 4.393 | 0.036 | ||||
| No | 337(47.07) | 1801(49.51) | 407(46.78) | 2161(50.68) | ||||
| Yes | 379(52.93) | 1837(50.49) | 463(53.22) | 2103(49.32) | ||||
| Having regular exercises | 2.369 | 0.306 | 1.596 | 0.450 | ||||
| No exercise | 463(64.66) | 2245(61.71) | 549(63.10) | 2596(60.88) | ||||
| Less than exercises | 128(17.88) | 686(18.86) | 159(18.28) | 842(19.75) | ||||
| Regular exercises | 125(17.46) | 707(19.43) | 162(18.62) | 826(19.37) | ||||
| Chronic diseases(counts) | 114.524 | 0.000 | 196.794 | 0.000 | ||||
| 0 | 155(21.65) | 1267(34.83) | 152(17.47) | 1322(31.00) | ||||
| 1–2 | 341(47.63) | 1820(50.03) | 397(45.63) | 2226(52.20) | ||||
| 3–14 | 220(30.73) | 551(15.15) | 321(36.90) | 716(16.79) | ||||
| FPG(mg/dl) | 161.05 ± 61.26 | 99.94 ± 12.32 | − 26.586 | 0.000 | 157.79 ± 67.82 | 99.97 ± 11.62 | − 26.070 | 0.000 |
| HbA1c | 5.97 ± 1.44 | 5.10 ± 0.40 | − 16.192 | 0.000 | 6.20 ± 1.56 | 5.10 ± 0.39 | − 20.477 | 0.000 |
| WC | 88.72 ± 10.53 | 84.22 ± 9.49 | − 10.616 | 0.000 | 88.85 ± 10.10 | 84.99 ± 10.05 | − 10.325 | 0.000 |
| BMI | 24.17 ± 4.18 | 22.72 ± 3.48 | − 8.692 | 0.000 | 24.99 ± 4.48 | 23.78 ± 3.92 | − 7.378 | 0.000 |
| WHtR | 0.54 ± 0.06 | 0.51 ± 0.06 | − 11.286 | 0.000 | 0.58 ± 0.07 | 0.56 ± 0.07 | − 10.617 | 0.000 |
| VAI | 6.33 ± 7.38 | 3.49 ± 3.35 | − 10.087 | 0.000 | 8.99 ± 8.44 | 5.47 ± 4.77 | − 11.905 | 0.000 |
| ABSI | 0.08 ± 0.01 | 0.08 ± 0.01 | − 4.701 | 0.000 | 0.08 ± 0.01 | 0.08 ± 0.01 | − 4.655 | 0.000 |
| BRI | 4.24 ± 1.23 | 3.69 ± 1.10 | − 11.088 | 0.000 | 5.14 ± 1.57 | 4.57 ± 1.41 | − 10.584 | 0.000 |
| LAP | 50.25 ± 51.98 | 27.05 ± 26.61 | − 11.643 | 0.000 | 62.89 ± 47.06 | 39.83 ± 30.87 | − 13.859 | 0.000 |
| CI | 1.30 ± 0.08 | 1.27 ± 0.08 | − 8.380 | 0.000 | 1.32 ± 0.09 | 1.30 ± 0.10 | − 7.696 | 0.000 |
| CVAI | 118.90 ± 51.88 | 91.47 ± 45.25 | − 13.196 | 0.000 | 129.02 ± 43.40 | 102.64 ± 42.06 | − 16.770 | 0.000 |
| TyG index | 9.24 ± 0.78 | 8.50 ± 0.56 | − 24.176 | 0.000 | 9.30 ± 0.72 | 8.60 ± 0.54 | − 27.093 | 0.000 |
| TyG-BMI | 224.27 ± 48.84 | 193.63 ± 35.46 | − 15.976 | 0.000 | 232.67 ± 46.17 | 205.10 ± 39.08 | − 16.454 | 0.000 |
| TyG-WC | 821.92 ± 134.91 | 717.41 ± 106.25 | − 19.570 | 0.000 | 827.60 ± 121.56 | 732.57 ± 108.26 | − 21.392 | 0.000 |
| TyG-WHtR | 5.01 ± 0.78 | 4.38 ± 0.62 | − 20.603 | 0.000 | 5.43 ± 0.80 | 4.80 ± 0.71 | − 21.569 | 0.000 |
FPG: fasting plasma glucose; HbA1c: glycated hemoglobin; WC: waist circumference; BMI: body mass index; WHtR: waist to height ratio; VAI: visceral adiposity index; ABSI: A body shape index; BRI: body roundness index; LAP: lipid accumulation product; CVAI: Chinese visceral adiposity index; CI: conicity index; TyG index: triglyceride-glucose index; TyG-BMI: TyG related to BMI; TyG-WC: TyG related to WC; TyG-WHtR: TyG related to WHtR.