Table 4.

Non-invasive non-pharmacological clinical trials registered at the World Health Organization (WHO) International Clinical Trials Research Platform (ICTRP) for people with Huntington’s disease (HD) since the first edition of the “Huntington’s Disease Clinical Trials Update”. AD, Alzheimer’s disease; ALS, Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis; ET, Essential Tremor; HT, Holmes Tremor; MS, Multiple Sclerosis; N/S, not specified, PD, Parkinson’s disease; TD, Tardive dyskinesia. New trials since the last Clinical Trials Update are indicated by^*

Registration ID	Trial name	Intervention	Mechanism of Action	Population	Comparison	Main outcome	Study design	Estimated Enrolment	Sponsor	Location
ChiCTR2300069844	–	Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation	Transcranial magnetic stimulation	HD	None	EEG	Non-randomized, open label, single group trial	20	Shenzhen People’s Hospital	China
ISRCTN47330596	–	Psychological intervention	Guided self help	Premanifest and manifest HD	Usual treatment	Feasibility at 3 and 6 months	Interventional randomized controlled trial	30	Leicestershire Partnership NHS Trust, UK	UK
RBR-463yhb3	–	Multimodal physiotherapy	Balance intervention with rhythmic cues	HD	Educational program	Balance	Randomized, double-blinded, parallel assignment trial	36	São Paulo University, Brazil	Brazil
ACTRN12622000908730	–	Online platform	Computerized cognitive training	Premanifest and early HD	Lifestyle education	Change in cognition at 12 weeks	Randomized, blinded (investigator, statistician) parallel assignment trial	50	Monash University, Australia	Australia
ISRCTN11906973	HD-DRUM	Training app	Drumming	Premanifest, early and moderate HD	Standard medical care	Feasibility	Randomized, parallel assignment trial	50	Cardiff University, UK	UK
NCT05326451	–	Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation	Transcranial electrical stimulation	Early and moderate HD	None	Treatment completion, acceptability and safety	Non-randomized, open label, single group trial	10	The University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, USA	USA (single center)
ACTRN12622000345785	–	Multidisciplinary therapy coaching program	Education	Premanifest and early HD	Lifestyle guidance	Barriers and motivators to engagement in telehealth interventions and digital health literacy	Randomized, single blind, parallel assignment trial	84	Perpetual limited	Australia
NCT04917133	HUNT’ACTIV	Adapted physical workshops plus classic 4-week rehabilitation program	Physical activity, cycling, horse riding, situation tests, cultural outings	Mid-stage HD	Classic 4-week rehabilitation program	Motor function at 1 month	Randomized, parallel assignment trial	32	Assistance Publique –Hôpitaux de Paris	France (single center)
NCT04429230	–	Transcranial pulsed current stimulation	Transcranial electrical stimulation	HD	Sham intervention	Feasibility at one year	Randomized, crossover double-blinded trial	15	Western University, Canada	N/S
ACTRN12620000281998	–	Ketogenic diet	–	HD	None	Change in cognition and motor scores at 12 weeks	Non-randomized, open label, single group trial	10	Waikato Hospital	New Zealand (–)
ACTRN12619000870156	–	Transcranial alternating current stimulation	Transcranial magnetic stimulation	Premanifest and early HD	Sham intervention	Biomarkers	Randomized, open-label, cross-over trials	60	Monash University, Epworth Centre for Innovation in Mental Health	Australia (single center)
ACTRN12618001717246	–	Multidisciplinary therapy program	Exercise, cognitive training, lifestyle guidance and social activities	Premanifest HD	Standard of care	Feasibility and safety	Clustered, non-randomized, open label, parallel trial	40	Edith Cowan University, Deakin University and Lotterywest	Australia (two centers)
NCT03417583	–	Neuropsychiatric treatment protocol	Multidisciplinary intervention	HD with neuropsychiatric symptoms	Standard of care	Change in quality of life at 18 months	Non-randomized, assessor-blinded, parallel trial	100	Vanderbilt University Medical Center and Teva Pharmaceuticals USA	USA (single center)
CTRI/2018/01/011359	–	Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation	Transcranial magnetic stimulation	Early to moderate HD and PD	Sham stimulation	Efficacy at 5 days	Randomized, single-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel trial	40	Vinay Goyal	India (single center)
NCT03344601	PACE-HD	Supported structured aerobic exercise training program	Physiotherapy	HD	Activity as usual	Data completeness, recruitment, retention, safety, adherence, fidelity and acceptability at 12 months	Nested open-label, randomized controlled parallel trial	120	Cardiff University and CHDI Foundation, Inc	Germany, Spain and USA (multi-center)
ACTRN12617001269325	–	Swallowing skill training	Speech and language therapy	HD and ALS	None	Swallowing function and quality of life at 2 weeks	Single group, open-label trial	54	University of Canterbury	New Zealand (single center)