Table 3.
Summary of eligible studies
| Authors | Location of study | Samplesize (n) | Age(M±SD)) | Sex(Female %) | Education,y (M) | Cognitive status | Criteria | Screening tool(s) assessed |
| Aguilar-Navarro et al. (2019) [45] | Mexico | 215 | 79±7.3 | 59% | 9.9 | AD and MCI | DSM-V | 5-WT (cultural adaptation; five nouns from the Spanish language were selected) |
| Bezdicek et al. (2020) [34] | Czech Republic/USA | 874 | 71±13.3 | 56% | 14 | PD and PD-MCI | U.K. PD Society Brain Bank criteria | MoCA-CZ (translation) |
| Borson et al. (1999) [44] | USA | 295 | 73.7±9.2 | 68% | 11.4 | Probable dementia | CERAD | CDT (Adaptation/translation not required) |
| Celik et al. (2022) [47] | Germany | 65 | 72.1±7.6 | 55% | 8.7* | AD | NINCDS-ADRDA | RUDAS and MMSE (translation) |
| Chaaya et al. (2016) [36] | Lebanon | 232 | 79.1±8.1 | 71% | 52% no formal education | Dementia (not specified) | DSM-IV | A-RUDAS (back translated) and A-MMSE (translation) |
| Franzen et al. (2019) [10] | Netherlands | 87 | 67.5±11.1 | 51% | Range (y) = 0–>primary education | Dementia (unspecified) | NINCDS-ADRDA NINDS-AIREN | VAT and mVAT (modified VAT using colored photographs instead of line drawings) |
| Karunaratne et al. (2011) [38] | Sri Lanka | 98 | 64±10.3 | 35% | 10.4 | AD | DSM-V | MoCA-S (back translation and cultural adaptation) |
| Kaya et al. (2016) [39] | Turkey | 274 | 74±7.2 | 62% | 8.1 | MCI and AD | NINCDS-ADRDA | SLUMS-T (back translation) |
| Lakshminarayanan et al. (2022) [41] | India | 107 | 72.3±unknown | 59% | 11 | Mild-moderate dementia | DSM-V | ADAS-Cog (back translation and cultural adaptation) |
| Manjavong et al. (2021) [25] | Thailand | 150 | 68.4±unknown | 52% | Range (y) = 6.5–15 | MCI | DSM-V | RUDAS-Thai MoCA-Thai (translation) |
| Mavioglu et al. (2006) [33] | Turkey | 56 | 69.5±7.4 | 45% | 7 | AD | DSM-IV; NINCDS-ADRDA | ADAS-Cog (translation and cultural adaptation) |
| Nielsen et al. (2019) [40] | Germany, Belgium, Sweden, Denmark, Norway, Greece | 280 | 71±9.4 | 57% | 8 | Dementia (various) | DSM-IV-TR | RUDAS (back translation) |
| Serrano et al. (2020) [50] | Argentina | 399 | 73.4±6.9 | 70% | 10.3 | MCI and dementia | DSM-V | MoCA-A (translation and cultural adaptation) |
| Statucka et al. (2021) [35] | USA | 714 | 63.1±6.6 | 33% | 14.6* | PD-MCI | MDS PD-MCI Level II criteria | DRS-2 (translation) |
| Torkpoor et al, 2022 [43] | Sweden | 125 | 71.6±12.5 | 54% | 9.2±4.1 Range (y) = 1–20 | No dementia (n = 62; (SCI, MCI, depression, PTSD etc.) dementia (n = 63; AD, VaD, Mixed (AD and VaD), DLB, FTD, PDD and nonspecific dementia) | ICD-10 | MMSE-S, RUDAS-S, FAQ (translation) |
| Tsolaki et al. (2000) [37] | Greece | 250 | 79±3.8 | 46% | 5.4 | Mild-severe dementia (various types) | DSM-V; NINCDS-ADRDA | CAMCOG (back translation) |
| Yoshida et al. (2012) [42] | Japan | 242 | 72±8.3 | 64% | 11.6 | MCI and dementia | NINCDS-ADRDA | ACE-R-J (translation and modification so the test be linguistically and culturally equivalent to the original English version) |
ACE-R, Addenbrooke’s Cognitive Examination-Revised; ACE-R-J, Japanese version of Addenbrookes Cognitive Examination – Revised; AD, Alzheimer’s disease; ADAS-Cog, Alzheimer’s Disease Assessment Scale-Cognitive subscale; CAMCOG, Cambridge Cognitive Examination; CDT, Clock Drawing Test; CERAD, Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer’s Disease; DRS, Mattis Dementia Rating Scale; DSM, Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders; DLB, Dementia with Lewy Body; 5-WT, Five-Word Test; FDT, Frontotemporal lobe dementia; FAQ, Functional Assessment Questionnaire; M, Mean; MCI, Mild Cognitive Impairment; MMSE, Mini Mental State Examination; A-MMSE, MMSE in the Arabic language; mMMSE, Modified Mini Mental Status Examination; MMSE-S, MMSE in the Swedish language; MoCA, Montreal Cognitive Assessment; MoCA-CZ, Czech version of MoCA; NINCDS-ADRDA, National Institute of Neurological and Communicative Disorders and Stroke-Alzheimer’s Disease and Related Disorders Association; PD, Parkinson’s disease; PDD, Parkinson’s Disease Dementia; PD-MCI, Parkinson’s disease-Mild Cognitive Impairment; PTSD, Posttraumatic Stress Disorder; RUDAS, Rowland Universal Dementia Assessment Scale; A-RUDAS, RUDAS in the Arabic language; RUDAS-S, RUDAS in the Swedish language; SCI, Subjective Cognitive Impairment; SD, Standard Deviation; SLUMS, Saint Louis University Mental Status; VaD, Vascular Dementia; VAT, Visual Association Test; mVAT, modified Visual Association Test.