Table 3.
Acoustic feature characteristics and significance between the 3 groups for the Italian and Spanish data sets.
| Domain, features | Group 1a (n=88) | Group 2b (n=88) | Group 3c (n=89) | P value | Group 1 vs group 2 | Group 2 vs group 3 | Group 1 vs group 3 | ||
| Voice periodicity, mean (SD) | |||||||||
|
|
Unvoiced (%) | 32.7 (10.4) | 38.2 (13.5) | 44.7 (11.8) | <.001d | .004d | .003d | .001d | |
|
|
Duration of voiced segments (s) | ||||||||
|
|
|
Mean | 1.08 (0.36) | 1.03 (0.4) | 0.98 (0.79) | .24 | N/Ae | N/A | N/A |
|
|
|
Median | 0.88 (0.32) | 0.82 (0.35) | 0.8 (0.75) | .33 | N/A | N/A | N/A |
|
|
|
15th percentile | 0.26 (0.1) | 0.24 (0.1) | 0.22 (0.11) | .003d | .24 | .29 | .002d |
|
|
|
85th percentile | 2.03 (0.71) | 1.93 (0.76) | 1.77 (1.07) | .08 | N/A | N/A | N/A |
|
|
Duration of unvoiced segments (s) | ||||||||
|
|
|
Mean | 0.5 (0.14) | 0.6 (0.2) | 0.71 (0.23) | <.001d | <.001d | <.001d | <.001d |
|
|
|
Median | 0.37 (0.12) | 0.43 (0.13) | 0.49 (0.17) | <.001d | .001d | <.001d | .04d |
|
|
|
15th percentile | 0.15 (0.02) | 0.16 (0.03) | 0.17 (0.03) | .08 | N/A | N/A | N/A |
|
|
|
85th percentile | 0.91 (0.27) | 1.14 (0.46) | 1.42 (0.56) | <.001d | <.001d | <.001d | <.001d |
|
|
Voice breaks (%) | 34.22 (10) | 39.89 (13) | 47.17 (11) | <.001d | .001d | .001d | <.001d | |
| Shimmer, mean (SD) | |||||||||
|
|
Shimmer | 5 (0.56) | 5.19 (0.67) | 5.05 (0.75) | .17 | N/A | N/A | N/A | |
| Syllabic and pauses features, mean (SD) | |||||||||
|
|
Speech rate (syl/s) | 3.92 (0.59) | 3.52 (0.63) | 3.78 (6.76) | .15 | N/A | N/A | N/A | |
|
|
Phonation (%) | 70 (8) | 64 (9) | 64 (71) | .06 | N/A | N/A | N/A | |
|
|
Articulation rate (syl/s) | 5.61 (0.44) | 5.54 (0.5) | 5.41 (0.46) | .02d | .89 | .22 | .01d | |
|
|
Mean intersyllabic duration (s) | 0.14 (0.01) | 0.15 (0.02) | 0.16 (0.02) | <.001d | .001d | .003d | <.001d | |
|
|
Mean syllabic duration (s) | 0.74 (0.17) | 0.91 (0.29) | 1.14 (0.37) | <.001d | <.001d | <.001d | <.001d | |
|
|
Number of pauses | 0.62 (0.19) | 0.79 (0.31) | 1.01 (0.48) | <.001d | <.001d | <.001a | <.001d | |
|
|
Mean duration of pauses (s) | 5.09 (1.26) | 5.1 (1.42) | 5.32 (1.23) | .51 | N/A | N/A | N/A | |
| Spectral features, mean (SD) | |||||||||
|
|
Pitch | ||||||||
|
|
|
Mean | 162 (25) | 166 (26) | 158 (25) | .11 | N/A | N/A | N/A |
|
|
|
SD | 68 (12) | 72 (12) | 79 (15) | <.001d | .10 | .004d | <.001d |
|
|
F3-SDf | 466 (46) | 490(46) | 484.92 (46) | .001d | .002d | >.99 | .02d | |
|
|
Speech temporal regularity | 1749.5 (66) | 1716.4 (67) | 1687.8 (85) | <.001d | .01d | .03d | <.001d | |
|
|
Centroid | 807.8 (154) | 776.5 (165) | 755.9 (193) | .12 | N/A | N/A | N/A | |
aGroup 1: Mini-Mental Status Examination score≥27.
bGroup 2: 20≤Mini-Mental Status Examination score≤26.
cGroup 3: 11≤Mini-Mental Status Examination score≤19.
dSignificant at P<.05.
eN/A: not applicable.
fF3-SD: standard deviation of third formant.