Table S3.
Multilevel ordered logistic regression models reporting coefficients and standard errors for loneliness regressed on the interaction between context and the pandemic
| Home |
Alone |
|||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| β (SE) | 95% CI | β (SE) | 95% CI | |
| EMA-level | ||||
| COVID-19 | 0.94 (0.13) |
[0.68,1.19] | 0.61 (0.12) |
[0.38,0.84] |
| Location (ref: home) | ||||
| At home | 1.07 (0.12) |
[0.84,1.30] | ||
| Who with (ref: alone) | ||||
| Alone | 1.13 (0.11) |
[0.90,1.35] | ||
| COVID-19 x at home | −0.87 (0.15) |
[-1.16,-0.58] | ||
| COVID-19 x alone | −0.46 (0.14) |
[-0.73,-0.18] | ||
| Health status (ref: excellent/very good) | ||||
| Good | −0.27 (0.11) |
[-0.49,-0.05] | −0.26 (0.11) |
[-0.48,0.03] |
| Fair/poor | −0.86 (0.18) |
[-1.22,-0.50] | −0.85 (0.18) |
[-1.21,-0.49] |
| Marital status (ref: married/partnered) | ||||
| Separated/divorced | 1.12 (0.35) |
[0.44,1.80] | 1.23 (0.34) |
[0.56,1.90] |
| Widowed | 1.94 (0.31) |
[1.34,2.55] | 1.56 (0.31) |
[0.96,2.16] |
| Never married | 0.47 (0.30) |
[-0.11,1.05] | 0.64 (0.30) |
[0.06,1.22] |
| Employment status | ||||
| Employed (any) | −0.06 (0.13) |
[-0.31,0.20] | 0.13 (0.13) |
[-0.13,0.39] |
| Respondent-level | ||||
| Gender | ||||
| Female | −0.82 (0.50) |
[-1.79,0.16] | −0.63 (0.49) |
[-1.59,0.32] |
| Race and ethnicity (ref: N–H White) | ||||
| N–H Black | −0.26 (0.60) |
[-1.43,0.91] | −0.24 (0.58) |
[-1.38,0.91] |
| N–B Hispanic | −0.10 (0.80) |
[-1.68,1.47] | −0.06 (0.79) |
[-1.48,1.60] |
| Education (ref: some HS) | ||||
| High school | −0.55 (0.82) |
[-2.17,1.07] | −0.74 (0.81) |
[-2.32,0.85] |
| Some college | 0.43 (0.76) |
[-1.06,1.91] | 0.10 (0.74) |
[-1.35,1.55] |
| College + | −0.11 (0.82) |
[-1.72,1.49] | −0.37 (0.81) |
[-1.95,1.21] |
| Age at baseline | 0.00 (0.04) |
[-0.09,0.08] | 0.00 (0.04) |
[-0.08,0.08] |
| Previous loneliness report | 1.18 (0.05) |
[1.08,1.28] | 1.21 (0.05) |
[1.11,1.31] |
| Cut point 1 | 5.30 | [-1.21,11.82] | 5.31 | [-1.26,11.69] |
| Cut point 2 | 8.07 | [1.55,14.59] | 8.10 | [1.72,14.48] |
| Cut point 3 | 10.69 | [4.17,17.21] | 10.71 | [4.33,17.10] |
| Variance components | ||||
| Respondent-level variance | 6.25 1.20 |
[3.90,8.60] | 5.81 1.10 |
[3.64,7.97] |
| Additional information | ||||
| Log likelihood | −4362.1 | −4337.7 | ||
| R2 | 0.53 | 0.53 | ||
| Number of EMA observations | 13330 | 13330 | ||
| Number of respondents | 110 | 110 | ||
Note: Standard errors are presented below estimates, with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) to the right. Measures of loneliness are coded so that higher values represent greater loneliness.