Table 3.

Multivariable logistic regressions of area-level social determinants of health on individual health-related social needs

	Odds Ratios [95% Confidence Intervals]
	Area Deprivation Index (ADI)	Social Deprivation Index (SDI)	Social Vulnerability Index (SVI)
Low SDoH Risk (Tertile 1)	[REF]	[REF]	[REF]
Medium SDoH Risk (Tertile 2)	1.15 [1.06–1.25]	1.55 [1.34–1.79]	1.53 [1.32–1.77]
High SDoH Risk (Tertile 3)	0.90 [0.73–1.10]	1.80 [1.56–2.07]	1.74 [1.50–2.01]
Age (median [IQR])	1.00 [0.99–1.00]	1.00 [0.99–1.00]	1.00 [0.99–1.00]
Sex
Male	[REF]	[REF]	[REF]
Female	1.04 [0.99–1.10]	1.04 [0.98–1.10]	1.04 [0.98–1.10]
Race and ethnicity
Non-Hispanic Black	[REF]	[REF]	[REF]
Non-Hispanic White	0.83 [0.70–0.98]	0.94 [0.80–1.11]	0.94 [0.80–1.10]
Hispanic	1.09 [1.00–1.19]	1.05 [0.97–1.14]	1.06 [0.98–1.14]
Other	0.64 [0.52–0.78]	0.65 [0.53–0.81]	0.67 [0.53–0.82]
Missing	0.90 [0.82–0.98]	0.88 [0.82–0.96]	0.89 [0.82–0.97]
Preferred Language
English	[REF]	[REF]	[REF]
Spanish	1.09 [1.01–1.18]	1.04 [0.97–1.11]	1.04 [0.97–1.11]
Other	0.65 [0.54–0.79]	0.66 [0.54–0.80]	0.66 [0.55–0.80]
Missing	0.70 [0.56–0.87]	0.71 [0.56–0.88]	0.71 [0.57–0.89]
Payer
Commercial	[REF]	[REF]	[REF]
Medicaid	2.44 [2.26–2.64]	2.30 [2.14–2.47]	2.31 [2.15–2.48]
Medicare	1.73 [1.56–1.91]	1.64 [1.48–1.82]	1.64 [1.47–1.82]
Missing	2.22 [1.97–2.51]	2.14 [1.90–2.40]	2.14 [1.90–2.41]

IQR = interquartile range, SDoH = social determinants of health.