Table 2.
Spoken language and neuroplasticity analysis outcomes
| Measure | Group | T1 mean (SD) | T2 mean (SD) | ΔT2 > T1 mean (SD) | Baseline diff. (pFDR-value) | ΔT2 > T1 (pFDR-value) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Spoken language outcomes | ||||||
| WAB Naming | Singing | 5.0 (3.6) | 5.7 (3.8) | 0.7 (0.7) | 0.585 | 0.006 |
| Control | 7.4 (3.6) | 7.4 (3.5) | 0.0 (0.5) | |||
| WAB Repetition | Singing | 5.4 (3.6) | 5.7 (3.4) | 0.3 (0.7) | 0.585 | 0.277 |
| Control | 7.6 (3.4) | 7.6 (3.3) | 0.0 (0.4) | |||
| Neuroplasticity outcomes | ||||||
| GMV left BA44a | Singing | 747 (568) | 807 (586) | 61 (108) | 0.945 | 0.008 |
| Control | 854 (387) | 713 (427) | −140 (141) | |||
| GMV right BA44a | Singing | 1,619 (159) | 1,628 (278) | 9 (99) | 0.718 | 0.587 |
| Control | 1,798 (336) | 1,743 (324) | −55 (149) | |||
| GMV left BA45a | Singing | 387 (304) | 414 (306) | 28 (43) | 0.945 | 0.024 |
| Control | 409 (240) | 336 (263) | −73 (78) | |||
| GMV right BA45a | Singing | 873 (159) | 891 (173) | 19 (61) | 0.720 | 0.759 |
| Control | 924 (201) | 913 (164) | −11 (110) | |||
| GMV left vPMCa | Singing | 884 (567) | 941 (607) | 57 (203) | 0.718 | 0.024 |
| Control | 1,106 (400) | 913 (460) | −195 (151) | |||
| GMV right vPMCa | Singing | 1,783 (293) | 1,775 (309) | −8 (105) | 0.833 | 0.876 |
| Control | 1,827 (448) | 1,810 (370) | −21 (172) | |||
| GMV left pMTGa | Singing | 1,103 (718) | 1,090 (724) | −13 (76) | 0.718 | 0.268 |
| Control | 1,383 (430) | 1,431 (591) | 47 (56) | |||
| GMV right pMTGa | Singing | 2,205 (533) | 2,242 (551) | 37 (137) | 0.718 | 0.777 |
| Control | 2,498 (503) | 2,513 (477) | 14 (74) | |||
| WM left AFb | Singing | 0.10 (0.04) | 0.11 (0.05) | 0.01 (0.01) | 0.480 | 0.005 |
| Control | 0.11 (0.04) | 0.11 (0.05) | 0.00 (0.02) | |||
| WM left FATb | Singing | 0.13 (0.03) | 0.14 (0.04) | 0.01 (0.02) | 0.523 | 0.004 |
| Control | 0.14 (0.05) | 0.13 (0.06) | −0.01 (0.02) | |||
| WM right FATb | Singing | 0.19 (0.03) | 0.20 (0.03) | 0.01 (0.01) | 0.815 | 0.004 |
| Control | 0.20 (0.03) | 0.19 (0.02) | 0.00 (0.02) | |||
| WM left SLFb | Singing | 0.10 (0.05) | 0.11 (0.05) | 0.01 (0.01) | 0.480 | 0.005 |
| Control | 0.11 (0.04) | 0.11 (0.05) | 0.00 (0.02) | |||
| WM right SLFb | Singing | 0.21 (0.03) | 0.22 (0.03) | 0.01 (0.01) | 0.480 | 0.004 |
| Control | 0.20 (0.03) | 0.20 (0.03) | 0.00 (0.01) | |||
| WM left CSb | Singing | 0.09 (0.04) | 0.10 (0.04) | 0.01 (0.01) | 0.480 | 0.004 |
| Control | 0.10 (0.04) | 0.10 (0.05) | 0.00 (0.01) | |||
| WM right CSb | Singing | 0.16 (0.04) | 0.17 (0.04) | 0.01 (0.01) | 0.555 | 0.004 |
| Control | 0.17 (0.03) | 0.17 (0.02) | 0.00 (0.01) | |||
| WM CCb | Singing | 0.14 (0.03) | 0.15 (0.03) | 0.01 (0.01) | 0.480 | 0.005 |
| Control | 0.15 (0.03) | 0.15 (0.03) | −0.01 (0.01) | |||
Data are mean (SD) unless otherwise reported. Bold values denote statistical significance at p < 0.05. P-values are FDR corrected.
a
Volume in mm3.
b
Normalized QA.