Table 1.
Demographic and Diagnostic Characteristics of Participants at Baseline
| Baseline characteristic | Full sample | Active | Wait-list control | p-value | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n | % | n | % | n | % | ||
| Gender | 0.99 | ||||||
| Female | 16 | 39.0 | 9 | 37.5 | 7 | 41.2 | |
| Male | 25 | 61.0 | 15 | 62.5 | 10 | 58.8 | |
| Diagnosis | |||||||
| Autism | 33 | 80.5 | 20 | 83.3 | 13 | 76.5 | 0.70 |
| ADHD/ADD | 13 | 31.7 | 9 | 37.5 | 4 | 23.5 | 0.50 |
| Anxiety | 6 | 14.6 | 3 | 12.5 | 3 | 17.6 | 0.68 |
| Sensory Processing Disorder | 6 | 14.6 | 3 | 12.5 | 3 | 17.6 | 0.68 |
| Speech delay/disorder | 6 | 14.6 | 5 | 20.8 | 1 | 5.9 | 0.37 |
| Cerebral palsy | 5 | 12.2 | 3 | 12.5 | 2 | 11.8 | 0.99 |
| Developmental delay | 2 | 4.9 | 1 | 4.2 | 1 | 5.9 | 0.99 |
| Genetics syndrome | 4 | 9.8 | 1 | 4.2 | 3 | 17.6 | 0.29 |
| Other a | 8 | 19.5 | 3 | 12.5 | 5 | 29.4 | 0.24 |
| Speech Level | 0.50 | ||||||
| Complex speech | 24 | 58.5 | 16 | 66.7 | 8 | 47.1 | |
| Phrased speech | 11 | 26.8 | 5 | 20.8 | 6 | 35.3 | |
| Minimally verbal | 6 | 14.6 | 3 | 12.5 | 3 | 17.6 | |
| Age (years) | 0.06 | ||||||
| 4–7 | 20 | 48.8 | 8 | 33.3 | 12 | 70.6 | |
| Male | 11 | 26.8 | 5 | 20.8 | 6 | 35.3 | |
| Female | 9 | 22.0 | 3 | 12.5 | 6 | 35.3 | |
| 8–12 | 16 | 39.0 | 12 | 50.0 | 4 | 23.5 | |
| Male | 10 | 24.4 | 7 | 29.2 | 3 | 17.6 | |
| Female | 6 | 14.6 | 5 | 20.8 | 1 | 5.9 | |
| 13–17 | 5 | 12.2 | 4 | 16.7 | 1 | 5.9 | |
| Male | 4 | 9.8 | 3 | 12.5 | 1 | 5.9 | |
| Female | 1 | 2.4 | 1 | 4.2 | 0 | 0.0 | |
Table 1 N = 41. Two participants were reported to have characteristics of autism but did not have a formal diagnosis. Two participants who were recruited for the study are not included in this table, as they dropped out prior to consenting.aIncludes apraxia, hypotonia, epilepsy, oppositional defiant disorder, and depression. All p values were calculated using Fisher’s Exact Test