Fig. 1.

Study design and weight. a General study design of in vivo and ex vivo experiments. Western diet (WD) or the normal rodent diet (ND) feeding period started at 2 months of age and continued over 24 weeks. At ~ 8 months, imaging (PET, MRI), flow cytometry, metabolomics, and histology were performed. b Mean weight gain ± SD between ND-fed (black) and WD-fed (blue) animals over 24 weeks starting on the day of the diet change. c Mean weight gain between females and males fed an ND (blank white, blue) or WD (striped grey, blue). ***p < 0.001. Weight gain over time using student's t-test. Comparison of sex and diet with two-way ANOVA, post hoc Tukey corrected for multiple comparisons. ND, normal rodent diet; WD, western diet; WD (n = 24, male = 12, female = 12), ND (n = 20, male = 11, female = 9)