Table 3.
EV cargoes as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers
| EV cargo | Source/used sample | Expression patterns | Clinical implication | Refs. |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Non-coding RNAs | ||||
| miR-21, let-7a, miR-1246miR-1229, miR-150, miR-223, and miR-23a | Serum; culture medium of CRC cell lines | Increased | Early diagnosis | [179] |
| miR-27a and miR-130a | Plasma | Increased | Diagnostic and Prognostic | [180] |
| miR-125a-3p and miR-320c | Plasma | Increased | Early diagnosis | [181] |
| miR-122 | Serum and culture media | Increased | Diagnostic and prognostic | [182] |
| miR-193a and let-7 g | Plasma and culture media | Lower miR-193a and higher let-7 g expression in peritoneal metastasis | Diagnostic and prognostic | [183] |
| miR-23a and miR-301a | Serum | Increased | Early diagnosis | [184] |
| miR-99b-5p and miR-150-5p | Serum | Decreased | Diagnostic | [185] |
| miR-193a-5p | Plasma and culture media | Decreased | Diagnostic and prognostic | [187] |
| miR‐548c‐5p | Serum | Decreased | Diagnostic and prognostic | [192] |
| miR-6803-5p | Serum | Increased | Diagnostic and prognostic | [193] |
| miR-221 | Plasma | Decreased | Prognostic | [194] |
| LNCV6_116109, LNCV6_98390, LNCV_108266, LNCV6_38772, LNCV6_84003, and LNCV6_98602 | Plasma | Increased | Early diagnosis | [190] |
| LINC02418 | Serum | Increased | Diagnostic | [191] |
| LncRNA GAS5 | Plasma | Increased | Prognostic | [194] |
| lncRNA 91H | Plasma | Increased | Prognostic | [195] |
| lncRNA HOTTIP | Serum | Decreased | Prognostic | [196] |
| circLPAR1 | Plasma and culture media | Decreased | Diagnostic and Prognostic | [186] |
| circ-PNN | Serum | Increased | Early diagnosis | [188] |
| hsa-circ-0004771 | Serum | Increased | Early diagnosis | [189] |
| Proteins | ||||
| S100A9 | Plasma | Increased | Diagnostic | [120] |
| Glypican-1 (GPC1) | Plasma and tumor tissues | Increased | Diagnostic | [199] |
| Copine III (CPNE3) | Plasma and tissue samples | Increased | Diagnostic and prognostic | [200] |
| Cytokeratin 19 (CK19), tumor-associated glycoprotein 72 (TAG72), and CA125 | Plasma, tumor tissues, and cell culture supernatants | Increased | Diagnostic | [201] |
| EV bound chemokine ligand 7 (CXCL7) | Serum | Increased | Prognostic | [202] |
| SPARC and LRG1 | Serum | Increased | Diagnostic and prognostic | [203] |
| Beta-2-glycoprotein 1 (β2-GP1) and fibrinogen beta chain (FGB) | Plasma and tissue samples | Increased | Early diagnosis | [204] |
| EDIL3 and QSOX1 | Plasma, tissue samples, and culture media | Decreased | Early diagnosis | [205] |