Table 3.
Fix Effects of Associations between Sleep Parameters and Cognitive Domains.
| Perceptual speed | Working memory | Episodic memory | C_MMSE | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Predictors | Coefficient (SE) | Coefficient (SE) | Coefficient (SE) | Coefficient (SE) |
| Models: PSQI + Covariates | ||||
| Time | −0.04 (0.02) | −0.02 (0.02) | 0.02 (0.03) | −0.07 (0.03)* |
| PSQI | −0.01 (0.01)* | −0.02 (0.01)** | −0.02 (0.01)* | −0.01 (0.01) |
| PSQI*time | 0.00 (0.00) | 0.01 (0.00)* | 0.00 (0.00) | 0.01 (0.00)* |
| Models: Insomnia + Covariates | ||||
| Time | −0.03 (0.02) | −0.03 (0.02) | 0.03 (0.03) | −0.09 (0.03)** |
| Insomnia | −0.02 (0.00)*** | −0.01 (0.00) | −0.02 (0.00)*** | 0.00 (0.01) |
| Insomnia*time | 0.00 (0.00)* | 0.00 (0.00) | 0.00 (0.00) | 0.00 (0.00) |
| Models: Subjective sleep quality + Covariates | ||||
| Time | −0.05 (0.03) | −0.14 (0.03)*** | −0.02 (0.04) | −0.14 (0.04)** |
| Sleep quality | ||||
| Very good (ref) | ||||
| Fairly good | 0.03 (0.05) | −0.12 (0.05)* | −0.06 (0.06) | 0.00 (0.07) |
| Fairly bad | 0.03 (0.06) | −0.14 (0.06)* | −0.04 (0.07) | −0.03 (0.07) |
| Very bad | −0.08 (0.08) | −0.24 (0.08)** | −0.37 (0.09)*** | −0.32 (0.10)** |
| Sleep quality*time | ||||
| Very good (ref) | ||||
| Fairly Good | 0.01 (0.02) | 0.12 (0.03)*** | 0.05 (0.03) | 0.06 (0.03) |
| Fairly bad | 0.00 (0.03) | 0.13 (0.03)*** | 0.04 (0.04) | 0.06 (0.04) |
| Very bad | 0.02 (0.04) | 0.16 (0.04)*** | 0.08 (0.05) | 0.10 (0.05)* |
| Models: Sleep latency + Covariates | ||||
| Time | −0.04 (0.02) | −0.04 (0.03) | 0.02 (0.03) | −0.09 (0.03)** |
| Sleep latency | ||||
| <=15min (ref) | ||||
| 15–30 min | 0.01 (0.04) | 0.05 (0.04) | 0.07 (0.04) | 0.06 (0.05) |
| 30–60 min | −0.16 (0.05)*** | −0.08 (0.05) | −0.16 (0.05)** | −0.09 (0.06) |
| >60min | −0.12 (0.05)* | −0.13 (0.06)* | −0.07 (0.06) | 0.01 (0.07) |
| Sleep latency*time | ||||
| <=15min (ref) | ||||
| 15–30 min | 0.00 (0.02) | 0.01 (0.02) | 0.00 (0.02) | 0.01 (0.03) |
| 30–60 min | 0.01 (0.02) | 0.02 (0.03) | 0.01 (0.03) | 0.03 (0.03) |
| >60 min | −0.05 (0.03) | 0.04 (0.03) | −0.02 (0.04) | 0.01 (0.04) |
| Models: Sleep efficiency + Covariates | ||||
| Time | −0.05 (0.02)* | −0.04 (0.03) | 0.02 (0.03) | −0.09 (0.03)** |
| Sleep efficiency | ||||
| >=85% (ref) | ||||
| 75–85% | −0.02 (0.04) | 0.01 (0.05) | 0.10 (0.05)* | 0.07 (0.06) |
| 65–75% | 0.07 (0.05) | −0.04 (0.06) | 0.04 (0.06) | 0.14 (0.07)* |
| <65% | −0.11 (0.05)* | −0.05 (0.05) | −0.07 (0.06) | −0.10 (0.06) |
| Sleep efficiency*time | ||||
| >=85% (ref) | ||||
| 75–85% | 0.00 (0.02) | 0.01 (0.02) | −0.02 (0.03) | 0.02 (0.03) |
| 65–75% | −0.02 (0.03) | 0.03 (0.03) | 0.01 (0.04) | 0.04 (0.04) |
| < 65% | 0.05 (0.02)* | 0.01 (0.03) | 0.01 (0.03) | 0.04 (0.03) |
| Models: Sleep duration + Covariates | ||||
| Time | −0.05 (0.02)* | −0.04 (0.03) | 0.01 (0.03) | −0.10 (0.03)** |
| Sleep duration | ||||
| >=7h (ref) | ||||
| 6–7h | 0.04 (0.04) | 0.06 (0.04) | 0.09 (0.05) | 0.07 (0.05) |
| 5–6h | −0.02 (0.05) | −0.04 (0.05) | −0.01 (0.05) | −0.04 (0.06) |
| <5h | −0.08 (0.05) | −0.10 (0.05) | −0.10 (0.06) | −0.06 (0.07) |
| Sleep duration*time | ||||
| >=7h (ref) | ||||
| 6–7h | 0.03 (0.02) | 0.03 (0.02) | 0.03 (0.03) | 0.06 (0.03)* |
| 5–6h | 0.01 (0.02) | 0.04 (0.03) | 0.04 (0.03) | 0.07 (0.03)* |
| <5h | 0.03 (0.03) | 0.03 (0.03) | 0.05 (0.03) | 0.05 (0.03) |
Note. All models controlled for every covariate, except for excluding daytime sleepiness from the models that utilized insomnia to predict cognitive outcomes.
*
p < .05
**
p < .01
***
p < .001.