Table 3.
Association of selected factors with reported school non-enrolment among N = 29,044 children in Tamil Nadu, India
| Overall | Not enrolled | Crude | Adjusted* | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Variable | n (%) | n (%) | PR (95% CI) | PR (95% CI) |
| Age Category (years) | ||||
| 5–9 | 10,692 (36.8) | 289 (2.7) | REF | REF |
| 10–13 | 8,864 (30.5) | 407 (4.6) | 1.70 (1.47, 1.96) | 1.70 (1.48, 1.96) |
| 14–17 | 9,488 (32.7) | 2,164 (22.8) | 8.44 (7.46, 9.54) | 8.57 (7.60, 9.66) |
| Gender | ||||
| Male | 15,073 (51.9) | 1,649 (10.9) | REF | REF |
| Female | 13,971 (48.1) | 1,211 (8.7) | 0.79 (0.74, 0.85) | 0.84 (0.79, 0.90) |
| School Enrolment | ||||
| Not in education | 2,860 (9.8) | 2,860 (100.0) | REF | REF |
| Anganwadi/Kindergarten | 444 (1.5) | 0 (0.0) | 0.00 (0.00, 0.00) | 0.00 (0.00, 0.00) |
| Primary school | 10,627 (36.6) | 0 (0.0) | 0.00 (0.00, 0.00) | 0.00 (0.00, 0.00) |
| Middle school | 6,551 (22.6) | 0 (0.0) | 0.00 (0.00, 0.00) | 0.00 (0.00, 0.00) |
| Secondary school | 4,288 (14.8) | 0 (0.0) | 0.00 (0.00, 0.00) | 0.00 (0.00, 0.00) |
| Higher secondary school | 3,170 (10.9) | 0 (0.0) | 0.00 (0.00, 0.00) | 0.00 (0.00, 0.00) |
| College/Diploma/ITI/University | 1,104 (3.8) | 0 (0.0) | 0.00 (0.00, 0.00) | 0.00 (0.00, 0.00) |
| Household Size | ||||
| <5 | 11,320 (39.0) | 1,126 (9.9) | REF | REF |
| ≥5 | 17,724 (61.0) | 1,734 (9.8) | 0.98 (0.91, 1.06) | 0.98 (0.92, 1.06) |
| Socioeconomic Status | ||||
| Less poor (Upper 2 quintiles) | 17,563 (60.5) | 920 (5.2) | REF | REF |
| Poorer (Lower 3 quintiles) | 11,481 (39.5) | 1,940 (16.9) | 3.23 (2.98, 3.50) | 2.01 (1.82, 2.22) |
| Residence Time | ||||
| <5 years | 3,385 (11.7) | 252 (7.4) | REF | REF |
| 6–10 years | 4,062 (14.0) | 333 (8.2) | 1.10 (0.93, 1.31) | 0.97 (0.83, 1.14) |
| 11–20 years | 6,036 (20.8) | 591 (9.8) | 1.32 (1.12, 1.54) | 1.05 (0.91, 1.22) |
| >20 years | 15,561 (53.6) | 1,684 (10.8) | 1.45 (1.26, 1.68) | 1.18 (1.04, 1.35) |
| HoH Education | ||||
| No education | 6,893 (23.7) | 1,464 (21.2) | REF | REF |
| Any primary | 5,609 (19.3) | 567 (10.1) | 0.48 (0.43, 0.52) | 0.69 (0.63, 0.77) |
| Any middle | 6,215 (21.4) | 440 (7.1) | 0.33 (0.30, 0.37) | 0.54 (0.49, 0.60) |
| Any secondary or higher | 10,327 (35.6) | 389 (3.8) | 0.18 (0.16, 0.20) | 0.29 (0.26, 0.33) |
| HoH Marital Status | ||||
| Married | 26,192 (90.2) | 2,457 (9.4) | REF | REF |
| Previously or never married | 2,852 (9.8) | 403 (14.1) | 1.51 (1.35, 1.68) | 1.38 (1.26, 1.52) |
| Caste | ||||
| Scheduled tribes | 8,322 (28.7) | 1,679 (20.2) | REF | REF |
| Scheduled caste | 6,463 (22.3) | 510 (7.9) | 0.39 (0.35, 0.43) | 0.39 (0.31, 0.49) |
| Backward caste | 7,409 (25.5) | 309 (4.2) | 0.21 (0.18, 0.23) | 0.21 (0.16, 0.26) |
| Most backward caste | 6,588 (22.7) | 352 (5.3) | 0.26 (0.24, 0.30) | 0.27 (0.21, 0.34) |
| Higher caste | 172 (0.6) | 4 (2.3) | 0.12 (0.04, 0.31) | 0.11 (0.04, 0.28) |
| Other | 90 (0.3) | 6 (6.7) | 0.33 (0.15, 0.70) | 0.36 (0.17, 0.75) |
| Hindu | ||||
| No | 954 (3.3) | 64 (6.7) | REF | REF |
| Yes | 28,090 (96.7) | 2,796 (10.0) | 1.48 (1.15, 1.91) | 1.13 (0.88, 1.45) |
| Tamil Speaker | ||||
| No | 840 (2.9) | 71 (8.5) | REF | REF |
| Yes | 28,204 (97.1) | 2,789 (9.9) | 1.17 (0.92, 1.49) | 0.92 (0.73, 1.16) |
| Site | ||||
| Timiri | 20,750 (71.4) | 1,232 (5.9) | REF | REF |
| Jawadhu Hills | 8,294 (28.6) | 1,628 (19.6) | 3.31 (3.06, 3.57) | 3.38 (3.14, 3.63) |
*
Adjusted for age category, gender, and site; PR = Prevalence Ratio; CI = Confidence Interval