Table 4.

Modification of the effect of functional difficulty on school non-enrolment by selected sociodemographic factors among N = 29,044 children in Tamil Nadu, India, adjusted for age, gender, and site.

	No Functional Difficulty		Any Functional Difficulty		Effect of FD	EM Measures
	Non-enrolment n/N (%)	PR (95% CI)	Non-enrolment n/N (%)	PR (95% CI)	PR (95% CI)	Multiplicative (95% CI)	Additive (95% CI)
Overall (crude)	2,731/28,745 (10)	1	129/299 (43)	4.54 (3.95, 5.21)
Overall (adjusted)*	2,731/28,745 (10)	1	129/299 (43)	4.59 (3.87, 5.43)
Age Category (years)						0.27 (0.17, 0.43)	3.74 (−3.33, 10.75)
5–11	295/12,643 (2.3)	1	38/117 (32.5)	12.06 (8.14, 17.87)	12.06 (8.14, 17.87)
12–17	2,436/16,102 (15)	6.49 (5.64, 7.47)	91/182 (50)	21.29 (16.20, 27.98)	3.28 (2.57, 4.19)
Gender						1.05 (0.70, 1.59)	0.95 (−0.91, 2.93)
Female	1,148/13,821 (8.3)	1	63/150 (42.0)	4.07 (3.04, 5.46)	4.07 (3.04, 5.46)
Male	1,583/14,924 (11)	1.22 (1.12, 1.34)	66/149 (44)	5.25 (3.94, 6.99)	4.29 (3.22, 5.70)
Socioeconomic Status						0.40 (0.27, 0.60)	−2.27 (−5.09, 0.39)
Less poor (Upper 2 quintiles)	857/17,405 (4.9)	1	63/158 (39.9)	7.23 (5.39, 9.69)	7.23 (5.39, 9.69)
Poorer (Lower 3 quintiles)	1,874/11,340 (17)	2.07 (1.83, 2.35)	66/141 (47)	6.03 (4.48, 8.12)	2.91 (2.19, 3.86)
No HoH Education						0.30 (0.20, 0.47)	−3.39 (−5.71, -0.92)
Any education	1,306/21,940 (6.0)	1	90/211 (42.7)	6.78 (5.31, 8.65)	6.78 (5.31, 8.65)
No education	1,425/6,805 (21)	2.26 (2.05, 2.50)	39/88 (44)	4.65 (3.22, 6.70)	2.05 (1.43, 2.95)
Site						0.33 (0.21, 0.50)	−1.57 (−4.64, 2.07)
Timiri	1,146/20,553 (5.6)	1	86/197 (43.7)	7.06 (5.47, 9.10)	7.06 (5.47, 9.10)
Jawadhu Hills	1,585/8,192 (19)	3.46 (3.17, 3.78)	43/102 (42)	7.95 (5.58, 11.31)	2.30 (1.62, 3.26)

^*Adjusted for age category, gender, and site; PR = Prevalence Ratio; CI = Confidence Interval; FD = Functional Difficulty; EM = Effect Modification