Fig. 5. Microscopic and toxicological analysis.

Confocal images of liver tissues of a mouse administered with MoO₂-SiO₂ NPs and pre-injected with empty liposomes (LIP), using immunofluorescence staining (F4/80 in green, Cy5.5 in red) at (A) 10× and (B) 63×. (C) Microscopy image of liver tissue from the same mouse with chromogenic immunostaining (F4/80, DAB). Confocal images of spleen tissues of a mouse administered with MoO₂-SiO₂ NPs and pre-injected with clodronate-encapsulated liposomes (CLO), using immunofluorescence staining (F4/80 in green, Cy5.5 in red) at (D) 10× and (E) 63×. (F) Microscopy image of spleen tissue from the same mouse with chromogenic immunostaining (F4/80, DAB), highlighting red pulp (RP) and white pulp (WP). (G) Gene expression quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in liver and spleen tissues from mice administered with MoO₂-SiO₂ NPs, preinjected with CLO or LIP. The intensity is proportional to the log fold change (FC) determined in relation to control tissues. Significant difference between the two groups was indicated when *P < 0.05 or **P < 0.005.