Table 2.

Prevalence of cigarette specific quit intentions^a and quit attempts^b among U.S. middle and high school students who report current use of cigarettes^c, 2020 National Youth Tobacco Survey

	Sample size (n)^d	Quit intentions			Quit attempts
	Sample size (n)^d	% (95% CI)^e	p value from bivariate chi-square test^f	aPR (95% CI) from multivariable model^g	% (95% CI)	p value from bivariate chi-square test^f	aPR (95% CI) from multivariable model^g
Overall	453	68.1% (62.4–73.3)	–	–	65.8% (58.6–72.4)	–	–
Sex
Female	207	67.9% (60.0–74.9)	.95	1.00 (ref)	65.7% (55.8–74.5)	.98	1.00 (ref)
Male	246	68.3% (58.6–76.6)		1.03 (.86–1.24)	65.9% (56.3–74.4)		1.11 (.90–1.37)
Race/Ethnicity
White, non-Hispanic	243^h	66.2% (58.9–72.8)^h	.08	1.00 (ref)^h	62.8% (54.0–70.8)^h	.31	1.00 (ref)^h
Black, non-Hispanic
Hispanic	147^h	69.1% (59.5–77.4)^h		1.10 (.91–1.32)^h	65.6% (55.8–74.2)^h		1.00 (.86–1.16)^h
Other, non-Hispanic
School type
Middle school	119	69.2% (59.3–77.6)	.76	1.00 (ref)	76.4% (63.5–85.8)	.12	1.00 (ref)
High school	331	67.7% (61.6–73.3)		1.05 (.91–1.21)	63.0% (54.1–71.0)		.90 (.70–1.14)
Nicotine dependencyⁱ
No	199	69.6% (59.5–78.1)	.68	1.00 (ref)	63.5% (52.1–73.5)	.57	1.00 (ref)
Yes	249	67.1% (59.6–73.8)		1.03 (.87–1.22)	67.5% (58.1–75.6)		1.19 (.96–1.47)
Any household tobacco use^j
No	136	62.1% (50.2–72.6)	.17	1.00 (ref)	60.4% (45.7–73.4)	.29	1.00 (ref)
Yes	281	70.2% (63.4–76.2)		1.17 (.99–1.38)	68.7% (60.8–75.7)		1.14 (.88–1.48)
Exposure to ads or promotions to cigarettes and other tobacco products^k
Not Exposed	88	70.5% (55.3–82.2)	.71	1.00 (ref)	67.4% (53.6–78.7)	.91	1.00 (ref)
Exposed	339	67.7% (61.8–73.1)		1.00 (.81–1.22)	66.6% (58.2–74.0)		.90 (.81–1.20)
Flavored (menthol) cigarette use^l
No	237	71.3% (63.4–78.1)	.52	1.00 (ref)	67.0% (59.6–73.7)	.67	1.00 (ref)
Yes	180^h	65.4% (56.0–73.8)^h		.90 (.75–1.08)^h	63.2% (52.9–72.4)^h		.94 (.80–1.11)^h
Don’t know
Use of ≥2 tobacco products^m
No	64	73.9% (56.7–86.0)	.43	1.00 (ref)	66.3% (53.9–76.8)	.94	1.00 (ref)
Yes	389	67.4% (61.8–72.7)		.93 (.72–1.20)	65.8% (58.0–72.8)		1.02 (.86–1.22)
Harm perceptions of intermittent cigarette useⁿ
A lot of harm	140	76.8% (67.7–83.9)	.13	1.00 (ref)	82.0% (72.9–88.5)	<.001	1.00 (ref)
Some harm	141	66.9% (58.3–74.4)		.82 (.69–.97)	61.8% (50.5–71.9)		.75 (.60–.93)
Little harm	101^h	63.9% (49.4–76.3)^h		.84 (.67–1.05)^h	60.4% (48.0–71.6)^h		.77 (.64–.94) ^h
No harm

Based on the question, “Are you seriously thinking about quitting cigarettes? (Please choose the first answer that fits)” Responses of “Yes, during the next 30 days,” “Yes, during the next 6 months,” “Yes, during the next 12 months,” and “Yes, but not during the next 12 months” were indicative of having quit intentions. The response, “No, I am not thinking about quitting cigarettes” was indicative of not having quit intentions. n = 32 respondents are missing data on this outcome and are excluded from the analysis.

Based on the question, “During the past 12 months, how many times have you stopped smoking cigarettes for 1 day or longer because you were trying to quit smoking cigarettes for good?” Responses other than “I did not try to quit during the past 12 months” were indicative of having made one or more quit attempts. n = 25 respondents are missing data on this outcome and are excluded from the analysis.

Defined as the use of cigarettes on at least 1 day during the past 30 days.

Unweighted Sample size is based on self-report of use of cigarettes during the past 30 days. For covariates, may not add to total (n = 453) due to missing data.

Percentages (and 95% confidence interval [CI]) are based on weighted data.

Based on chi square test to assess bivariate association between cessation outcomes and each covariate (p < .05 considered statistically significant [bolded]).

Adjusted multivariable binary logistic regression with predictive marginal proportions assessed socio-demographic determinants of reporting quit intention and quit attempts; model-adjusted prevalence ratios (aPR) were derived from predicted marginals and are adjusted for all covariates in the table. Bolded numbers denote statistically significant results (p < .05).

Statistically unstable estimate; suppressed due to relative standard error > 30% or unweighted denominator <50.

ⁱ

Nicotine Dependency is based on responses to two questions: (1) “How soon after you wake do you want to use a tobacco product?” and (2) “During the past 30 days, have you had a strong craving or felt like you really needed to use a tobacco product of any kind?”. Respondents were categorized as “yes” if they indicated wanting to use a tobacco product within 30 minutes after waking OR if they indicate they had a strong craving or felt like they really needed to use a tobacco product during the past 30 days. Respondents missing data on both measures were excluded from the analysis.

Assessed by the question, “Does anyone who lives with you now.?” Response options of “smoke cigarettes,” “smoke cigars, cigarillos, or little cigars,” “use chewing tobacco, snuff, or dip,” “use e-cigarettes,” “smoke tobacco in a hookah or water pipe,” “smoke pipes filled with tobacco (not hookah or water pipes),” “use snus,” “use dissolvable tobacco products,” “smoke bidis (small brown cigarettes wrapped in a leaf),” or “use heated tobacco products” were coded as “yes”. The response, “No one who lives with me now uses any form of tobacco” was coded as no.

Exposure to cigarette or other tobacco product marketing (advertisements or promotions) were assessed for four sources: retail stores; Internet; television, streaming sources, or movies; and newspapers or magazines. Participants were asked, “When you (are using the Internet; read newspapers or magazines; go to a convenience store, supermarket, or gas station; watch television or streaming services [such as Netflix, Hulu, or Amazon Prime], or go to the movies), how often do you see ads or promotions for cigarettes or other tobacco products?” Respondents were categorized as exposed if they responded “sometimes,” “most of the time,” or “always” or unexposed if they responded “never” or “rarely.” Persons who reported “I never go to a convenience stores, supermarket, or gas station,” “I do not use the Internet,” “I do not watch TV or streaming services or go to the movies,” or “I do not read newspapers or magazines” were set to missing.

For current (past 30-day) cigarette smokers, flavored (menthol) use was determined from a response of “yes” to the question, “During the past 30 days, were the cigarettes that you usually smoked menthol?” and/or indicating that the usual brand smoked during the past 30 days was “Newport” or “Kool.”

Respondents who indicated using more than one tobacco product (e-cigarettes, cigarettes, cigars/cigarillos/little cigars; smokeless tobacco [chewing tobacco, snuff, or dip, snus, or dissolvable tobacco product]; hookah, pipe tobacco or bidis) on at least 1 day during the past 30 days were categorized as using ≥2 tobacco products.

ⁿ

Assessed by the question, “How much do you think people harm themselves when they smoke cigarettes some days but not every day?”