Table 2.
Comparison of Characteristics of Participants With Completed Treatment After Appropriate Antibiotic Regimens vs Those Requiring Further Treatment Courses
| Completed Treatment After Appropriate Antibiotic Regimen (n = 267)a | Retreatment After Appropriate Antibiotic Regimen (n = 45)b | Missing Values | Univariate P Value |
Multivariable P Value (adjusted) |
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gender | .506 | ||||
| Male | 133 (49.8%) | 25 (56.5%) | |||
| Female | 134 (50.2%) | 20 (43.5%) | |||
| Age (y) | 54 (IQR, 40–65) | 57 (IQR, 47–66) | .156 | .270 (.270) | |
| CRP (mg/L) | 55 (IQR, 30–102) | 67 (29.5–120.5) | 37 (11.9%) | .650 | |
| Leukocytes (×106 cells/mL) | 7.50 (IQR, 6.20–9.05) | 7.60 (IQR, 6.25–9.38) | 104 (33.3%) | .833 | |
| Days until seeking healthcare | 4 (IQR, 3–7) | 3 (IQR, 2–5.75) | 13 (4.2%) | .045 | |
| Days until appropriate antibiotic | 7 (IQR, 4–11.25) | 8 (IQR, 3.25–20.75) | 13 (4.2%) | .210 | .026 (0.076) |
| Respiratory symptoms | 47 (17.5%) | 8 (17.8%) | .928 | ||
| Year of treatment | .518 | ||||
| Nonepidemic year | 43 (16.1%) | 9 (20.0%) | |||
| Epidemic year (2012, 2015, 2019) | 224 (83.9%) | 36 (80.0%) | |||
| Initial appropriate regimen | .024 | .043 (.084) | |||
| Ciprofloxacin | 240 (89.9%) | 35 (77.8%) | |||
| Doxycycline | 27 (10.1%) | 10 (22.2%) | |||
| Antibiotic regimen with appropriate dose and duration | 18 (5.8%) | .500 | [.524]c | ||
| Ciprofloxacin ≥500 mg twice daily ≥10 d | 239 (89.5%) | 27 (60.0%) | |||
| Doxycycline ≥100 mg twice daily ≥14 d | 24 (9.0%) | 4 (8.8%) | |||
| Immunosuppression | 7 (2.6%) | 1 (2.2%) | .876 |
Logistic regression for categorical variables. Mann-Whitney U test for ordinal and continuous variables. Data reported in absolute numbers and percentages (in brackets), or median and interquartile range, as specified. Significance in multivariable analysis after Holm-Šídák correction applied for adjusted P values is displayed in brackets.
Abbreviations: CRP, C-reactive protein; IQR, interquartile range.
aDefined as regimen containing ciprofloxacin, aminoglycoside, or doxycycline, as per the World Health Organization.
bRetreatment despite a course of ciprofloxacin or doxycycline, individuals with “optimization” of antibiotics after diagnosis (n = 2) or adverse drug reactions requiring treatment with alternative regimen (n = 11) were excluded.
cValue included as alternative to “initial appropriate regimen” in multivariable analysis and not part of formal multivariable model.