Table 1.

Flame retardant parent chemicals and biomarkers quantifed in urine and serum.

Parent Chemical	Biomarker in Urine
Organophosphate Esters (OPEs)
Triphenyl phosphate (TPP or TPhP)	Diphenyl phosphate (DPhP)*
Tris(1,3-dichloro-2-propyl) phosphate (TDCPP)	Bis(1,3-dichloro-2-propyl) phosphate (BDCPP)
Tri-p-cresyl phosphate (TpCP)	Di-p-cresyl phosphate (DpCP)
Tris(1-chloro-2-propyl) phosphate (TCPP or TCIPP)	Bis(1-chloro-2-propyl) phosphate (BCPP)
Tributyl phosphate or Tri-n-butyl phosphate (TBP or TnBP)	Dibutyl phosphate (DBP or DBuP)
Tribenzyl phosphate (TBzP)	Dibenzyl phosphate (DBzP)
Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)	Bis(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (BCEtP)
Tri-o-cresyl phosphate (ToCP)	Di-o-cresyl phosphate (DoCP)
Non-PBDE-brominated flame retardant
2-Ethylhexyl 2,3,4,5-tetrabromobenzoate (EH-TBB)	2,3,4,5-Tetrabromobenzoic acid (TBBA)
Parent Chemical	Biomarker in Serum
Polybromianted Diphenyl Ethers (PBDEs)
2,2’,4-tribromodiphenyl ether (BDE-17)	BDE-17
2,4,4’-tribromodiphenyl ether (BDE-28)	BDE-28
2,2’,4,4’-tetrabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-47)	BDE-47
2,3’,4,4’-tetrabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-66)	BDE-66
2,2’,3,4,4’-pentabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-85)	BDE-85
2,2’,4,4’,5-pentabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-99)	BDE-99
2,2’,4,4’,6-pentabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-100)	BDE-100
2,2’,4,4’,5,5’-hexabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-153)	BDE-153
2,2’,4,4’,5,6’-hexabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-154)	BDE-154
2,2’,3,4,4’,5’,6-heptabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-183)	BDE-183
2,2’,3,3’,4,4’,5,5’,6-nonabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-206)	BDE-206
decabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-209)	BDE-209

^*Other examples of parent compounds for this biomarker: Isopropylphenyl diphenyl phosphate, t-Butylphenyl diphenyl phosphate, and EH-DPhP