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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2024 May 15.
Published in final edited form as: Environ Sci Technol. 2024 May 3;58(19):8417–8431. doi: 10.1021/acs.est.3c09342

Table 3.

OPE urine metabolite concentrations adjusted for specific gravity (SG) (ng/mL) by industry (2015-2017)*.

Pre-Shift Concentration (ng/mL) Post-Shift Concentration (ng/mL)

Analyte Industry N % > LOD GM (GSD) Multiple Comparisons N % > LOD GM (GSD) Multiple Comparisons P-value#(Pre vs Post)
DPhP Overall 102 93 1.84 (3.14) 102 99 3.07 (3.19)
Chemical Mfg. (C) 10 100 17.4 (2.20) 10 100 27.3 (2.06) 0.183
Roofing (R) 9 100 2.64 (1.86) C-R 10 100 6.07 (1.97) C-R 0.020
Gymnastics (G) 9 100 2.43 (1.25) C-G 9 100 2.66 (1.87) C-G 0.614
Electronic Scrap (E) 19 95 1.40 (2.72) C-E 19 100 1.96 (1.85) C-E, R-E, F-E 0.046
Spray Poly. (S) 29 97 1.32 (2.38) C-S 29 97 2.04 (2.07) C-S, R-S, F-S 0.010
Foam Mfg. (F) 11 91 1.28 (3.35) C-F 10 100 5.16 (4.22) C-F 0.023
Nail Salon (N) 12 75 1.03 (1.90) C-N 12 100 1.70 (2.15) C-N, R-N, F-N 0.010
Rigid Board (B) 3 67 0.86 (2.16) C-B 3 100 0.57 (1.47) C-B, R-B, F-B 0.372

BDCPP Overall 103 96 3.45 (3.51) 103 97 3.83 (4.19)
Chemical Mfg. 10 100 19.9 (2.63) 10 100 25.5 (3.03) 0.471
Roofing 10 100 7.61 (1.85) 10 100 10.9 (2.03) 0.076
Spray Poly. 29 100 4.63 (2.56) C-S 29 100 6.08 (2.52) C-S 0.043
Gymnastics 9 100 4.61 (1.78) C-G 9 100 5.28 (2.27) C-G 0.580
Electronic Scrap 19 95 2.06 (3.21) C-E, R-E 19 100 2.22 (3.11) C-E, R-E, S-E 0.591
Foam Mfg. 11 100 2.00 (2.14) C-F, R-F 11 100 2.29 (1.91) C-F, R-F 0.417
Rigid Board 3 67 1.25 (3.82) C-B 3 67 0.55 (4.64) C-B, R-B, S-B, G-B 0.020
Nail Salon 12 83 0.78 (2.58) C-N, R-N, S-N, G-N 12 83 0.52 (2.71) C-N, R-N, S-N, G-N, F-N, E-N 0.007

BCPP Overall 103 89 1.69 (8.51) 103 91 3.04 (12.7)
Spray Poly. 29 100 28.9 (4.49) 29 100 76.4 (4.05) <0.001
Chemical Mfg. 10 100 2.65 (1.94) S-C 10 100 4.28 (3.34) S-C 0.190
Roofing 10 100 1.00 (1.72) S-R 10 100 4.42 (1.75) S-R <0.001
Foam Mfg. 11 100 0.73 (2.02) S-F 11 100 4.03 (2.32) S-F <0.001
Electronic Scrap 19 74 0.34 (2.55) S-E, C-E 19 89 0.33 (2.54) S-E, R-E, C-E, F-E 0.784
Gymnastics 9 100 0.32 (2.05) S-G, C-G 9 78 0.28 (1.74) S-G, R-G, C-G, F-G 0.626
Nail Salon 12 58 0.28 (1.71) S-N, C-N 12 67 0.23 (1.78) S-N, R-N, C-N, F-N 0.246
Rigid Board 3 67 0.26 (1.39) S-B, C-B 3 67 0.14 (1.60) S-B, R-B, C-B, F-B 0.242

DBuP Overall 103 88 0.31 (3.72) 103 93 0.45 (4.57)
Chemical Mfg. 10 100 2.31 (2.65) 10 100 5.91 (2.40) 0.013
Rigid Board 3 100 0.44 (1.60) 3 100 0.29 (1.27) C-B 0.369
Gymnastics 9 100 0.40 (2.35) C-G 9 100 0.38 (1.55) C-G 0.762
Foam Mfg. 11 91 0.35 (3.17) C-F 11 100 0.47 (1.84) C-F 0.453
Roofing 10 100 0.31 (2.00) C-R 10 100 0.42 (1.51) C-R 0.086
Spray Poly. 29 86 0.24 (4.51) C-S 29 86 0.52 (6.27) C-S 0.002
Nail Salon 12 75 0.21 (2.12) C-N 12 92 0.21 (2.28) C-N 0.990
Electronic Scrap 19 79 0.15 (2.73) C-E 19 89 0.18 (3.55) C-E 0.562

BCEtP Overall 103 95 0.72 (2.62) 103 96 0.75 (2.85)
Roofing 10 100 1.16 (2.14) 10 100 1.05 (1.97) 0.649
Gymnastics 9 100 0.97 (1.82) 9 100 0.68 (2.09) 0.016
Electronic Scrap 19 95 0.80 (2.58) 19 100 1.02 (2.07) 0.170
Spray Poly. 29 90 0.79 (3.08) 29 93 1.01 (3.26) 0.272
Rigid Board 3 100 0.77 (3.15) 3 100 0.36 (3.01) 0.390
Foam Mfg. 11 100 0.56 (2.77) 11 91 0.53 (5.39) 0.891
Nail Salon 12 92 0.51 (2.13) 12 92 0.46 (2.10) 0.442
Chemical Mfg. 10 100 0.44 (2.47) 10 100 0.48 (2.13) 0.766

DpCP Overall 103 31 0.08 (3.84) 103 27 0.08 (4.59)
Chemical Mfg. 10 100 2.89 (3.11) 10 100 4.74 (3.32) 0.185
Roofing 10 60 0.07 (2.27) C-R 10 60 0.08 (2.57) C-R 0.225
Electronic Scrap 19 16 0.05 (2.00) C-E 19 11 0.04 (1.61) C-E 0.047
Spray Poly. 29 31 0.05 (1.52) C-S 29 21 0.05 (1.75) C-S 0.481
Gymnastics 9 33 0.05 (1.44) C-G 9 33 0.07 (1.93) C-G 0.278
Foam Mfg. 11 9 0.04 11 9 0.04 -
Rigid Board 3 0 - 3 0 - -
Nail Salon 12 0 - 12 0 - -

TBBA Overall 103 10 0.05 (2.08) 103 17 0.05 (2.39)
Spray Poly. 29 24 0.07 (2.66) 29 38 0.09 (3.49) 0.078
Electronic Scrap 19 5 0.05 19 5 0.04
Gymnastics 9 11 0.04 9 44 0.07 (1.92)
Roofing 10 10 0.03 10 10 0.03
Chemical Mfg. 10 0 - 10 0 -
Foam Mfg. 11 0 - 11 9 0.04
Rigid Board 3 0 - 3 0 -
Nail Salon 12 0 - 12 0 -
*

Analytes DBzP and DoCP not listed due to all samples being below limit of detection.

Limit of detection (LOD) for each analyte in ng/mL: DPhP=0.16, BDCPP=0.11, BCPP=0.10, DBuP=0.05, BCEtP=0.08, DpCP=0.05, TBBA=0.05, DBzP=0.05, DoCP=0.05.

Only significant differences in means of log-concentrations are listed.

#

A one-sample Student’s t-test was utilized to examine differences of logarithm urine pre- and post-shift concentrations.

The abbreviations in the Multiple Comparisons are: Chemical Manufacturing (C), Electronic Scrap (E), Foam Manufacturing (F), Gymnastics (G), Nail Salon (N), Rigid Board Installation (B), Roofing (R), and Spray Polyurethane (S). If the means of log-concentrations for two industries were significantly different, the comparison of the two industries would be presented in the table. For example, “C-E” means that the mean of log-concentrations for chemical manufacturing was significantly different from electronic scrap.