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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2024 May 15.
Published in final edited form as: Environ Sci Technol. 2024 May 3;58(19):8417–8431. doi: 10.1021/acs.est.3c09342

Table 4.

Multivariable analysis results using log-transformed, specific gravity-adjusted OPE urinary post-shift concentration (ng/mL) as the outcome or dependent variable. Industry was adjusted for in the analyses.

Urinary Outcome (N) Covariate or Independent Variable N of Air or Hand Wipe Samples Estimate (SE) P-value Factor †
DPhP (N=102) Time-weighted average (TWA) air concentration, ng/m3 * 66 0.12 (0.10) 0.289 1.12
Hand wipe post concentration, μg/sample * 51 1.2×10−4 (4×10−5) 0.036 1.00012
BDCPP (N=103) Time-weighted average (TWA) air concentration, ng/m3 * 91 0.38 (0.18) 0.096 1.46
Hand wipe post concentration, μg/sample * 76 6×10−6 (3×10−6) 0.151 1.00001
BCPP (N=103) Time-weighted average (TWA) air concentration, ng/m3 * 91 0.005 (0.001) 0.016 1.005
Hand wipe post concentration, μg/sample * 90 7×10−6 (2×10−6) 0.013 1.00001
*

Air and hand wipe environmental measures are for the relevant parent chemical as shown in Table 1. TPhP was compared to DPhP, TDCPP was compared to BDCPP, and TCPP was compared to BCPP.

†

Exponent of the estimate. E.g., Interpretation of the factor=1.12 is that for every increment that, after adjusting for industry, if TWA air concentration increases by one ng/m3, DPhP increases by 1.12 ng/mL.