Table 6.
PBDEs average of geometric mean (GM) serum concentrations (ng/g lipid) by industry (2015-2017).
| Analyte | Industry | N | % > LOD* | GM (ng/g lipid) (GSD) | Median (ng/g lipid) | Multiple Comparisons of Industries† |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| BDE-28 | Overall | 91 | 90.1 | 0.46 (2.20) | 0.43 | |
| Electronic Scrap | 18 | 94.4 | 0.81 (2.23) | 0.85 | ||
| Roofing | 10 | 100.0 | 0.53 (2.39) | 0.57 | ||
| Gymnastics | 9 | 88.9 | 0.47 (2.00) | 0.49 | ||
| Nail Salon | 8 | 100.0 | 0.43 (1.63) | 0.44 | ||
| Spray Poly. | 24 | 87.5 | 0.41 (2.11) | 0.35 | ||
| Chemical Mfg. | 10 | 90.0 | 0.39 (1.55) | 0.41 | ||
| Foam Mfg. | 9 | 77.8 | 0.28 (2.45) | 0.24 | E – F | |
| Rigid Board | 3 | 66.7 | 0.17 (1.28) | 0.17 | E – B | |
| NHANES ‡ | 1637 | 89.1 | 0.74 | |||
|
| ||||||
| BDE-47 | Overall | 91 | 100.0 | 7.71 (2.66) | 7.20 | |
| Electronic Scrap | 18 | 100.0 | 12.25 (2.72) | 13.05 | ||
| Gymnastics | 9 | 100.0 | 11.24 (2.18) | 13.31 | ||
| Roofing | 10 | 100.0 | 10.20 (2.50) | 10.05 | ||
| Spray Poly. | 24 | 100.0 | 7.26 (2.80) | 6.36 | ||
| Chemical Mfg. | 10 | 100.0 | 6.64 (1.88) | 8.25 | ||
| Nail Salon | 8 | 100.0 | 5.84 (1.73) | 6.25 | ||
| Foam Mfg. | 9 | 100.0 | 4.20 (3.25) | 2.40 | ||
| Rigid Board | 3 | 100.0 | 2.11 (1.40) | 2.51 | ||
| NHANES ‡ | 1637 | 100.0 | 12.99 | |||
|
| ||||||
| BDE-85 | Overall | 91 | 47.3 | 0.22 (1.91) | 0.19 | |
| Gymnastics | 9 | 77.8 | 0.36 (1.88) | 0.43 | ||
| Electronic Scrap | 18 | 61.1 | 0.25 (2.38) | 0.21 | ||
| Roofing | 10 | 40.0 | 0.24 (1.54) | 0.24 | ||
| Spray Poly. | 24 | 37.5 | 0.23 (1.90) | 0.19 | ||
| Chemical Mfg. | 10 | 90.0 | 0.22 (1.41) | 0.23 | ||
| Nail Salon | 8 | 12.5 | 0.15 (1.24) | 0.15 | ||
| Foam Mfg. | 9 | 22.2 | 0.14 (1.69) | 0.12 | ||
| Rigid Board | 3 | 0.0 | ||||
| NHANES ‡ | 1637 | 32.8 | 0.17 | |||
|
| ||||||
| BDE-99 | Overall | 91 | 100.0 | 1.53 (2.66) | 1.43 | |
| Gymnastics | 9 | 100.0 | 2.97 (2.32) | 4.17 | ||
| Electronic Scrap | 18 | 100.0 | 2.15 (3.07) | 1.80 | ||
| Roofing | 10 | 100.0 | 1.81 (2.41) | 2.00 | ||
| Chemical Mfg. | 10 | 100.0 | 1.64 (2.09) | 1.80 | ||
| Spray Poly. | 24 | 100.0 | 1.37 (2.48) | 1.23 | ||
| Nail Salon | 8 | 100.0 | 1.23 (1.60) | 1.13 | ||
| Foam Mfg. | 9 | 100.0 | 0.82 (2.68) | 0.48 | ||
| Rigid Board | 3 | 100.0 | 0.32 (1.93) | 0.34 | G – B, E – B | |
| NHANES ‡ | 1637 | 100.0 | 2.45 | |||
|
| ||||||
| BDE-100 | Overall | 91 | 100.0 | 1.70 (2.55) | 1.74 | |
| Gymnastics | 9 | 100.0 | 2.60 (2.08) | 3.30 | ||
| Electronic Scrap | 18 | 100.0 | 2.13 (2.27) | 2.08 | ||
| Roofing | 10 | 100.0 | 1.87 (2.48) | 2.06 | ||
| Chemical Mfg. | 10 | 100.0 | 1.77 (1.98) | 2.00 | ||
| Spray Poly. | 24 | 100.0 | 1.74 (2.96) | 1.57 | ||
| Nail Salon | 8 | 100.0 | 1.29 (1.83) | 1.48 | ||
| Foam Mfg. | 9 | 100.0 | 1.04 (3.56) | 0.90 | ||
| Rigid Board | 3 | 100.0 | 0.54 (1.20) | 0.58 | ||
| NHANES ‡ | 1637 | 100.0 | 2.61 | |||
|
| ||||||
| BDE-153 | Overall | 91 | 100.0 | 7.22 (2.76) | 6.14 | |
| Spray Poly. | 24 | 100.0 | 10.47 (2.51) | 8.17 | ||
| Roofing | 10 | 100.0 | 10.34 (2.80) | 6.72 | ||
| Gymnastics | 9 | 100.0 | 10.33 (2.58) | 9.25 | ||
| Rigid Board | 3 | 100.0 | 7.99 (2.07) | 6.14 | ||
| Chemical Mfg. | 10 | 100.0 | 7.06 (3.20) | 5.36 | ||
| Electronic Scrap | 18 | 100.0 | 5.65 (2.59) | 4.94 | ||
| Foam Mfg. | 9 | 100.0 | 5.35 (2.67) | 4.15 | ||
| Nail Salon | 8 | 100.0 | 2.43 (1.91) | 2.11 | S – N, R – N, G – N | |
| NHANES ‡ | 1637 | 100.0 | 9.73 | |||
|
| ||||||
| BDE-154 | Overall | 91 | 49.5 | 0.21 (1.85) | 0.17 | |
| Gymnastics | 9 | 77.8 | 0.32 (1.84) | 0.39 | ||
| Electronic Scrap | 18 | 61.1 | 0.24 (2.09) | 0.23 | ||
| Chemical Mfg. | 10 | 90.0 | 0.22 (1.48) | 0.22 | ||
| Spray Poly. | 24 | 33.3 | 0.22 (1.96) | 0.17 | ||
| Roofing | 10 | 30.0 | 0.21 (1.47) | 0.19 | ||
| Foam Mfg. | 9 | 44.4 | 0.16 (1.87) | 0.12 | ||
| Nail Salon | 8 | 37.5 | 0.15 (1.34) | 0.14 | ||
| Rigid Board | 3 | 0.0 | ||||
| NHANES ‡ | 1637 | 51.9 | 0.14 | |||
|
| ||||||
| BDE-183 | Overall | 91 | 51.6 | 0.22 (2.20) | 0.17 | |
| Electronic Scrap | 18 | 94.4 | 0.50 (2.44) | 0.55 | ||
| Foam Mfg. | 9 | 55.6 | 0.24 (2.41) | 0.19 | ||
| Spray Poly. | 24 | 50.0 | 0.22 (2.05) | 0.18 | E – S | |
| Roofing | 10 | 40.0 | 0.20 (1.51) | 0.19 | E – R | |
| Gymnastics | 9 | 33.3 | 0.15 (1.45) | 0.13 | E – G | |
| Chemical Mfg. | 10 | 40.0 | 0.14 (1.86) | 0.10 | E – C | |
| Rigid Board | 3 | 33.3 | 0.13 (1.35) | 0.13 | E – B | |
| Nail Salon | 8 | 12.5 | 0.13 (1.12) | 0.14 | E – N | |
| NHANES ‡ | 1637 | 15.9 | 0.21 | |||
|
| ||||||
| BDE-209 | Overall | 91 | 95.6 | 1.79 (1.86) | 1.73 | |
| Electronic Scrap | 18 | 100.0 | 3.35 (1.89) | 2.97 | ||
| Gymnastics | 9 | 100.0 | 1.87 (1.39) | 2.00 | ||
| Spray Poly. | 24 | 87.5 | 1.72 (1.90) | 1.61 | E – S | |
| Nail Salon | 8 | 100.0 | 1.64 (1.54) | 1.55 | E – N | |
| Rigid Board | 3 | 100.0 | 1.57 (1.38) | 1.81 | ||
| Foam Mfg. | 9 | 100.0 | 1.46 (1.71) | 1.43 | E – F | |
| Chemical Mfg. | 10 | 100.0 | 1.27 (1.47) | 1.17 | E – C | |
| Roofing | 10 | 90.0 | 1.14 (1.46) | 1.05 | E – R | |
| NHANES ‡ | 1637 | 98.4 | 1.79 | |||
|
| ||||||
| Sum § | Overall | 91 | 25.65 (2.14) | 21.88 | ||
| Gymnastics | 9 | 35.40 (1.76) | 38.38 | |||
| Electronic Scrap | 18 | 31.54 (2.19) | 32.96 | |||
| Roofing | 10 | 30.17 (2.17) | 32.90 | |||
| Spray Poly. | 24 | 29.12 (2.19) | 23.63 | |||
| Chemical Mfg. | 10 | 23.53 (1.91) | 21.38 | |||
| Foam Mfg. | 9 | 16.65 (2.45) | 14.09 | |||
| Nail Salon | 8 | 14.19 (1.54) | 14.11 | |||
| Rigid Board | 3 | 14.06 (1.57) | 10.90 | |||
| NHANES ‡ | 1637 | 33.59 | ||||
Maximum limit of detection (LOD) divided by the square root of 2 in ng/g lipid for each analyte in the general population (GP): BDE-28=0.37, BDE-47=0.31, BDE-85=0.35, BDE-99=0.30, BDE-100=0.25, BDE-153=0.25, BDE-154=0.24, BDE-183=0.29, and BDE-209=0.92. The maximum LOD divided by the square root of 2 for the serum samples collected: BDE-28=0.21, BDE-85=0.38, BDE-154=0.35, BDE-183=0.23, and BDE-209=0.85. All concentration levels were detected for BDE-47, −99, −100, and −153.
Only significant differences in means of log-concentrations are listed. The abbreviations in the Multiple Comparisons are: Chemical Manufacturing (C), Electronic Scrap (E), Foam Manufacturing (F), Gymnastics (G), Nail Salon (N), Rigid Board Installation (B), Roofing (R), and Spray Polyurethane (S). If the means of log-concentrations for two industries were significantly different, the comparison of the two industries would be presented in the table. For example, “C-E” means that the mean of log-concentrations for chemical manufacturing (C) was significantly different from electronic scrap (E). Red p-values are significantly higher.
The data restricted participants aged 20 years and older are from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) during 2015/16: https://wwwn.cdc.gov/Nchs/Nhanes/2015-2016/BFRPOL_I.htm..
Summation of BDE-17, BDE-28, BDE-47, BDE-66, BDE-85, BDE-99, BDE-100, BDE-153, BDE-154, BDE-183, and BDE-209.